70 research outputs found
In-wheel motors for electric vehicles
PhD ThesisThe in-wheel motor technology as the source of traction for electric vehicles has been researched recently because it is compact and ease-to-integrate. The motor is housed in the wheel. Since the room for the motor is tightly defined by the size of the wheel and there is no gearing system, the motor must have a high torque density to drive the vehicle directly and a high efficiency to keep cool. The existing motor uses a surface-mounted magnet topology. To make it more cost-competitive, the magnet material needs to be reduced while maintaining the torque performance at the rated operating condition. It is the motive of this Ph.D. research.
The thesis starts with a brief introduction on the background of the electric vehicle. Then the major challenges of the in-wheel motor technology are summarised. With the derived specifications, an induction machine and a switched reluctance machine are then simulated and analysed. Still, the permanent magnet synchronous machine is proved to have the highest torque density.
Change from surface-mounted to interior topology, six new magnet topologies are investigated. The V-shaped interior magnet topology shows superior torque-to-magnet-mass ratio and is easy-to-manufacture. It gives 96% torque while using 56% of the magnet mass compared to the existing motor due to the assist from the additional reluctance torque and the lower magnetic circuit reluctance. The key to use less magnet mass while avoiding the demagnetisation is the front iron shielding effect. The analytical explanation on the better resistance to demagnetisation in the V-shaped motor is provided. The magnet loss mechanism is discussed for proper segmentation. Detailed design adjustments are made to compromise between the torque-to-magnet-mass ratio and the manufactural practicality.
Issues regarding to lower mechanical rigidity occurred in initial assembly of the prototype and solutions are proposed. Followed by successful assembly, experimental tests were conducted and results show good agreement with the simulation.
A specific form of torque ripple is found in the V-shaped motor and occurs generally in all fractional-slot concentrated-winding machines with saliency. It is explained by an analytical model. This model is also extended to explain the generally lower reluctance torque in
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fractional-slot concentrated-winding machines. Potential design improvements are suggested and simulated for future versions.Protean Electri
Paging and Registration in Cellular Networks: Jointly Optimal Policies and an Iterative Algorithm
This paper explores optimization of paging and registration policies in
cellular networks. Motion is modeled as a discrete-time Markov process, and
minimization of the discounted, infinite-horizon average cost is addressed. The
structure of jointly optimal paging and registration policies is investigated
through the use of dynamic programming for partially observed Markov processes.
It is shown that there exist policies with a certain simple form that are
jointly optimal, though the dynamic programming approach does not directly
provide an efficient method to find the policies.
An iterative algorithm for policies with the simple form is proposed and
investigated. The algorithm alternates between paging policy optimization and
registration policy optimization. It finds a pair of individually optimal
policies, but an example is given showing that the policies need not be jointly
optimal. Majorization theory and Riesz's rearrangement inequality are used to
show that jointly optimal paging and registration policies are given for
symmetric or Gaussian random walk models by the nearest-location-first paging
policy and distance threshold registration policies.Comment: 13 pages, submitted to IEEE Trans. Information Theor
The utilization of paper-level classification system on the evaluation of journal impact
CAS Journal Ranking, a ranking system of journals based on the bibliometric
indicator of citation impact, has been widely used in meso and macro-scale
research evaluation in China since its first release in 2004. The ranking's
coverage is journals which contained in the Clarivate's Journal Citation
Reports (JCR). This paper will mainly introduce the upgraded version of the
2019 CAS journal ranking. Aiming at limitations around the indicator and
classification system utilized in earlier editions, also the problem of
journals' interdisciplinarity or multidisciplinarity, we will discuss the
improvements in the 2019 upgraded version of CAS journal ranking (1) the CWTS
paper-level classification system, a more fine-grained system, has been
utilized, (2) a new indicator, Field Normalized Citation Success Index (FNCSI),
which ia robust against not only extremely highly cited publications, but also
the wrongly assigned document type, has been used, and (3) the calculation of
the indicator is from a paper-level. In addition, this paper will present a
small part of ranking results and an interpretation of the robustness of the
new FNCSI indicator. By exploring more sophisticated methods and indicators,
like the CWTS paper-level classification system and the new FNCSI indicator,
CAS Journal Ranking will continue its original purpose for responsible research
evaluation
Reverberation Time Control by Acoustic Metamaterials in a Small Room
In recent years, metamaterials have gained considerable attention as a
promising material technology due to their unique properties and customizable
design, distinguishing them from traditional materials. This article delves
into the value of acoustic metamaterials in room acoustics, particularly in
small room acoustics that poses specific challenges due to their significant
cavity resonant nature. Small rooms usually exhibit an inhomogeneous frequency
response spectrum, requiring higher wall absorption with specific spectrum to
achieve a uniform acoustic environment, i.e., a constant reverberation time
over a wide audible frequency band. To tackle this issue, we developed a design
that simultaneously incorporates numerous subwavelength acoustic resonators at
different frequencies to achieve customized broadband absorption for the walls
of a specific example room. The on-site experimental measurements agree well
with the numerical predictions, attesting to the robustness of the design and
method. The proposed method of reverse-engineering metamaterials by targeting
specific acoustic requirements has broad applicability and unique advantages in
small confined spaces with high acoustic requirements, such as recording
studios, listening rooms, and car cabins.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure
Towards Unsupervised Graph Completion Learning on Graphs with Features and Structure Missing
In recent years, graph neural networks (GNN) have achieved significant
developments in a variety of graph analytical tasks. Nevertheless, GNN's
superior performance will suffer from serious damage when the collected node
features or structure relationships are partially missing owning to numerous
unpredictable factors. Recently emerged graph completion learning (GCL) has
received increasing attention, which aims to reconstruct the missing node
features or structure relationships under the guidance of a specifically
supervised task. Although these proposed GCL methods have made great success,
they still exist the following problems: the reliance on labels, the bias of
the reconstructed node features and structure relationships. Besides, the
generalization ability of the existing GCL still faces a huge challenge when
both collected node features and structure relationships are partially missing
at the same time. To solve the above issues, we propose a more general GCL
framework with the aid of self-supervised learning for improving the task
performance of the existing GNN variants on graphs with features and structure
missing, termed unsupervised GCL (UGCL). Specifically, to avoid the mismatch
between missing node features and structure during the message-passing process
of GNN, we separate the feature reconstruction and structure reconstruction and
design its personalized model in turn. Then, a dual contrastive loss on the
structure level and feature level is introduced to maximize the mutual
information of node representations from feature reconstructing and structure
reconstructing paths for providing more supervision signals. Finally, the
reconstructed node features and structure can be applied to the downstream node
classification task. Extensive experiments on eight datasets, three GNN
variants and five missing rates demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed
method.Comment: Accepted by 23rd IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM
2023
Reduced Complexity Mechanisms for Network Resource Allocation
111 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007.Finally, we show that the VCG-Kelly mechanism can be applied to reduce the complexity of a combinatorial auction if the users' valuation functions satisfy the strong substitute condition. We investigate the properties of substitute functions. The sufficient and necessary condition for a function to be substitute appears quite strong and network users' valuation functions are not substitute generally.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD
VCG-Kelly mechanisms for allocation of divisible goods: Adapting VCG mechanisms to one-dimensional signals
Abstract — The VCG-Kelly mechanism is proposed, which is obtained by composing the communication efficient, onedimensional signaling idea of Kelly with the VCG mechanism, providing efficient allocation for strategic buyers at Nash equilibrium points. It is shown that the revenue to the seller can be maximized or minimized using a particular one-dimensional family of surrogate valuation functions. Index Terms— I
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