The Association Between Access To Care And Blood Pressure Control Among Individuals With Hypertension: Evidence From The Coronary Artery Risk Development In Young Adults (cardia) Cohort

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Blood pressure control is important to reduce cardiac risk for individuals with hypertension. Reduced access to health care may be associated with and blood pressure control. Methods: To address this issue, the study included participants with hypertension who were enrolled in The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults(CARDIA) cohort. Using a cross-sectional study design, we examined whether the main predictor---access to care, defined asa cumulative variable of four aspects—whether or not have health insurance; whether or not have regular care resources; whether or not have payment difficulties; whether not seeking for care because of cost for 2years, was associated with blood pressure control, which is the primary outcome. Poor blood pressure control was defined as SBP\u3e= 140 mmHg or DBP \u3e= 90 mmHg for non-diabetic participants; with SBP\u3e= 130 mmHg or DBP \u3e= 80 mmHg for non-diabetic , The potential mediator is Medicate adherence ,which was defined using Morisky Scale.We included demographic factors and risk factors into the analysis and performed Student’s test, chi-square test, Fischer exact test, multivariable logistic regression model and conducted stratified analysis to determine whether decreased access to care was associated with poorer blood pressure control. Results: Among 1,280 participants with hypertension (44.61% men, mean age 50.49 ± 3.52), 55.23% had 2+ barriers to care, 25.31% had 1 barrier, and 19.45% reported no barriers. Decreased access to care was associated with poorer blood pressure control (p Conclusion: An increased number of reported barriers to health care was associated with poorer blood pressure control among patients with hypertension. Lack of medication adherence is not a mediator when predicting the controlled blood pressure. The interaction between access to care and use of anti-HTN medicine are statistically significant in this study. According to the stratified analysis, the significant association between barrier to care and blood pressure control still exist even among people using anti-HTN medication. Longitudinal analysis on the CARDIA cohort data and other observational studies and experimental studies should be done to further establish the casual association

The Analysis of the Difficult Points on Developing E-Commerce of the Western Region in China

From 1999, China started to the project of “Development of Western Region of China” and many preferential policies were issued by the central government. However, after almost 5 years, compared with eastern region, the development of infrastructure is still relatively lower. As to the development of E-commerce, the most typical phenomenon is unbalance which means that the eastern region is much faster than the western because of territorial and economic factors. So it is necessary to get a whole picture and get a clear understanding of problems of current situation of E-commerce in west part of China in order to accelerate it. In this article, the difficult points of E-commerce development in west region are discussed, such as the law issue, infrastructure, information service providers and talents people and some strategies will be given finally based on the current situation of E-commerce in west part of China

Discovery of An Active Intermediate-Mass Black Hole Candidate in the Barred Bulgeless Galaxy NGC 3319

We report the discovery of an active intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) candidate in the center of nearby barred bulgeless galaxy $\rm NGC~3319$. The point X-ray source revealed by archival Chandra and XMM-Newton observations is spatially coincident with the optical and UV galactic nuclei from Hubble Space Telescope observations. The spectral energy distribution derived from the unresolved X-ray and UV-optical flux is comparable with active galactic nuclei (AGNs) rather than ultra-luminous X-ray sources, although its bolometric luminosity is only $3.6\times10^{40}~\rm erg~s^{-1}$. Assuming an Eddington ratio range between 0.001 and 1, the black hole mass (M_\rm{BH}) will be located at $3\times10^2-3\times10^5~M_{\odot}$, placing it in the so-called IMBH regime and could be the one of the lowest reported so far. Estimates from other approaches (e.g., fundamental plane, X-ray variability) also suggest M_\rm{BH}\lesssim10^5~M_{\odot}.Similar to other BHs in bulgeless galaxies, the discovered IMBH resides in a nuclear star cluster with mass of $\sim6\times10^6~M_{\odot}$. The detection of such a low-mass BH offers us an ideal chance to study the formation and early growth of SMBH seeds, which may result from the bar-driven inflow in late-type galaxies with a prominent bar such as $\rm NGC~3319$.Comment: ApJ accepted, 2 tables, 6 figure

Tensor network simulation of phase diagram of frustrated J1-J2 Heisenberg model on a checkerboard lattice

We use the recently developed tensor network algorithm based on infinite projected entangled pair states (iPEPS) to study the phase diagram of frustrated antiferromagnetic J1-J2 Heisenberg model on a checkerboard lattice. The simulation indicates a Neel ordered phase when J2 < 0.88J1, a plaquette valence bond solid state when 0.88 1.11J1, with two first-order transitions across the phase boundaries. The calculation shows the cross-dimer state proposed before is unlikely to be the ground state of the model, although such a state indeed arises as a metastable state in some parameter region.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Comparaison de la morphologie du pied entre les enfants chinois et mongoliens

Knowledge of foot morphology is fundamental to optimize children’s footwear design. The aim of this study is to compare the foot morphology of Chinese and Mongolian children from 7 to 14 years old. Relative data of 339 Mongolian children and another matched 379 Chinese children were collected using 3D foot scanner. The findings of this study are as follows: i) the absolute foot length of Chinese children is significantly greater than that of Mongolian children of the same age; ii) Mongolian children show significantly greater heel width, toe thickness, lateral malleolus height, instep height and ball girth compared to Chinese children of the same age. The foot width of Chinese children is significantly greater than that of Mongolian children of the same age; iii) Chinese children have a higher risk of hallux valgus than Mongolian children of both sexes. Small variations in foot morphology discussed in this paper could be useful when considering the shoes design for Mongolian and Chinese children. © 2020 by the author(s)

Transfert de charge en fonction de la vitesse de course pour les coureurs du sexe masculin qui touchent le sol avec l’arrière-pied

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of running speed on plantar pressure, and to use a load transfer algorithm to investigate the load transference in healthy recreational male runners who had a natural rear-foot strike pattern. Totally, 49 healthy males participated in this study, 39 of them (age 22.8 ± 1.8 years, weight 65.6 ± 7.9 kg, height 171.9 ± 4.0 cm) were identified as rear-foot strike runners. Data of pressure parameters, including maximum force, peak pressure, contact area and force-time integral (FTI) was recorded by Pedar-X insole plantar pressure measurement system at 8 different speeds (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 km/h). The results indicated that with the increase of running speed, plantar pressure significantly increased under all foot regions except for the big toe. Faster running speeds resulted in significant lower FTI in all foot regions except for lateral midfoot and heel. Medial metatarsal, central metatarsal, and big toe were the main loading regions for rear-foot strike male runners during running. Load transferred from medial foot to lateral foot in transverse direction, and from toes to metatarsal, midfoot and heel in the longitudinal direction with increasing speeds. As a component of the spring mechanism, the arch played a key role in supporting and transferring loads. © 2020 by the author(s)