119 research outputs found
GraphEcho: Graph-Driven Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Echocardiogram Video Segmentation
Echocardiogram video segmentation plays an important role in cardiac disease
diagnosis. This paper studies the unsupervised domain adaption (UDA) for
echocardiogram video segmentation, where the goal is to generalize the model
trained on the source domain to other unlabelled target domains. Existing UDA
segmentation methods are not suitable for this task because they do not model
local information and the cyclical consistency of heartbeat. In this paper, we
introduce a newly collected CardiacUDA dataset and a novel GraphEcho method for
cardiac structure segmentation. Our GraphEcho comprises two innovative modules,
the Spatial-wise Cross-domain Graph Matching (SCGM) and the Temporal Cycle
Consistency (TCC) module, which utilize prior knowledge of echocardiogram
videos, i.e., consistent cardiac structure across patients and centers and the
heartbeat cyclical consistency, respectively. These two modules can better
align global and local features from source and target domains, improving UDA
segmentation results. Experimental results showed that our GraphEcho
outperforms existing state-of-the-art UDA segmentation methods. Our collected
dataset and code will be publicly released upon acceptance. This work will lay
a new and solid cornerstone for cardiac structure segmentation from
echocardiogram videos. Code and dataset are available at:
https://github.com/xmed-lab/GraphEchoComment: Accepted By ICCV 202
GL-Fusion: Global-Local Fusion Network for Multi-view Echocardiogram Video Segmentation
Cardiac structure segmentation from echocardiogram videos plays a crucial
role in diagnosing heart disease. The combination of multi-view echocardiogram
data is essential to enhance the accuracy and robustness of automated methods.
However, due to the visual disparity of the data, deriving cross-view context
information remains a challenging task, and unsophisticated fusion strategies
can even lower performance. In this study, we propose a novel Gobal-Local
fusion (GL-Fusion) network to jointly utilize multi-view information globally
and locally that improve the accuracy of echocardiogram analysis. Specifically,
a Multi-view Global-based Fusion Module (MGFM) is proposed to extract global
context information and to explore the cyclic relationship of different
heartbeat cycles in an echocardiogram video. Additionally, a Multi-view
Local-based Fusion Module (MLFM) is designed to extract correlations of cardiac
structures from different views. Furthermore, we collect a multi-view
echocardiogram video dataset (MvEVD) to evaluate our method. Our method
achieves an 82.29% average dice score, which demonstrates a 7.83% improvement
over the baseline method, and outperforms other existing state-of-the-art
methods. To our knowledge, this is the first exploration of a multi-view method
for echocardiogram video segmentation. Code available at:
https://github.com/xmed-lab/GL-FusionComment: Accepted By MICCAI 202
Monopole-like orbital-momentum locking and the induced orbital transport in topological chiral semimetals
The interplay between chirality and topology nurtures many exotic electronic
properties. For instance, topological chiral semimetals display multifold
chiral fermions that manifest nontrivial topological charge and spin texture.
They are an ideal playground for exploring chirality-driven exotic physical
phenomena. In this work, we reveal a monopole-like orbital-momentum locking
texture on the three-dimensional Fermi surfaces of topological chiral
semimetals with B20 structures (e.g., RhSi and PdGa). This orbital texture
enables a large orbital Hall effect (OHE) and a giant orbital magnetoelectric
(OME) effect in the presence of current flow. Different enantiomers exhibit the
same OHE which can be converted to the spin Hall effect by spin-orbit coupling
in materials. In contrast, the OME effect is chirality-dependent and much
larger than its spin counterpart. Our work reveals the crucial role of orbital
texture for understanding OHE and OME effects in topological chiral semimetals
and paves the path for applications in orbitronics, spintronics, and enantiomer
recognition.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figure
Enhancing Model Performance in Multilingual Information Retrieval with Comprehensive Data Engineering Techniques
In this paper, we present our solution to the Multilingual Information
Retrieval Across a Continuum of Languages (MIRACL) challenge of WSDM CUP
2023\footnote{https://project-miracl.github.io/}. Our solution focuses on
enhancing the ranking stage, where we fine-tune pre-trained multilingual
transformer-based models with MIRACL dataset. Our model improvement is mainly
achieved through diverse data engineering techniques, including the collection
of additional relevant training data, data augmentation, and negative sampling.
Our fine-tuned model effectively determines the semantic relevance between
queries and documents, resulting in a significant improvement in the efficiency
of the multilingual information retrieval process. Finally, Our team is pleased
to achieve remarkable results in this challenging competition, securing 2nd
place in the Surprise-Languages track with a score of 0.835 and 3rd place in
the Known-Languages track with an average nDCG@10 score of 0.716 across the 16
known languages on the final leaderboard
The impact on the soil microbial community and enzyme activity of two earthworm species during the bioremediation of pentachlorophenol-contaminated soils
The ecological effect of earthworms on the fate of soil pentachlorophenol (PCP) differs with species. This study addressed the roles and mechanisms by which two earthworm species (epigeic Eisenia fetida and endogeic Amynthas robustus E. Perrier) affect the soil microbial community and enzyme activity during the bioremediation of PCP-contaminated soils. A. robustus removed more soil PCP than did E. foetida. A. robustus improved nitrogen utilisation efficiency and soil oxidation more than did E. foetida, whereas the latter promoted the organic matter cycle in the soil. Both earthworm species significantly increased the amount of cultivable bacteria and actinomyces in soils, enhancing the utilisation rate of the carbon source (i.e. carbohydrates, carboxyl acids, and amino acids) and improving the richness and evenness of the soil microbial community. Additionally, earthworm treatment optimized the soil microbial community and increased the amount of the PCP-4-monooxygenase gene. Phylogenic classification revealed stimulation of indigenous PCP bacterial degraders, as assigned to the families Flavobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and Sphingobacteriacea, by both earthworms. A. robustus and E. foetida specifically promoted Comamonadaceae and Moraxellaceae PCP degraders, respectively
Noninvasive suspicious liquid detection using wireless signals
Conventional liquid detection instruments are very expensive and not conducive to large-scale deployment. In this work, we propose a method for detecting and identifying suspicious liquids based on the dielectric constant by utilizing the radio signals at a 5G frequency band. There are three major experiments: first, we use wireless channel information (WCI) to distinguish between suspicious and nonsuspicious liquids; then we identify the type of suspicious liquids; and finally, we distinguish the different concentrations of alcohol. The K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm is used to classify the amplitude information extracted from the WCI matrix to detect and identify liquids, which is suitable for multimodal problems and easy to implement without training. The experimental result analysis showed that our method could detect more than 98% of the suspicious liquids, identify more than 97% of the suspicious liquid types, and distinguish up to 94% of the different concentrations of alcohol
Replication of a Gene-Diet Interaction at CD36, NOS3 and PPARG in Response to Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements on Blood Lipids: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.
BACKGROUND: Modulation of genetic variants on the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplements on blood lipids is still unclear. METHODS: In a double-blind randomized controlled trial, 150 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were randomized into omega-3 fatty acid group (n = 56 for fish oil and 44 for flaxseed oil) and control group (n = 50) for 180 days. All patients were genotyped for genetic variants at CD36 (rs1527483), NOS3 (rs1799983) and PPARG (rs1801282). Linear regression was used to examine the interaction between omega-3 fatty acid intervention and CD36, NOS3 or PPARG variants for blood lipids. FINDINGS: Significant interaction with omega-3 fatty acid supplements was observed for CD36 on triglycerides (p-interaction = 0.042) and PPAGR on low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p-interaction = 0.02). We also found a significant interaction between change in erythrocyte phospholipid omega-3 fatty acid composition and NOS3 genotype on triglycerides (p-interaction = 0.042), total cholesterol (p-interaction = 0.013) and ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p-interaction = 0.015). The T2D patients of CD36-G allele, PPARG-G allele and NOS3-A allele tended to respond better to omega-3 fatty acids in improving lipid profiles. The interaction results of the omega-3 fatty acid group were mainly attributed to the fish oil supplements. INTERPRETATION: This study suggests that T2D patients with different genotypes at CD36, NOS3 and PPARG respond differentially to intervention of omega-3 supplements in blood lipid profiles
Comprehensive analysis, immune, and cordycepin regulation for SOX9 expression in pan-cancers and the matched healthy tissues
SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) (OMIM 608160) is a transcription factor. The expression of SOX9 in pan-cancers and the regulation by small molecules in cancer cell lines are unclear. In the current study, we comprehensively analyzed the expression of SOX9 in normal tissues, tumor tissues and their matched healthy tissues in pan-cancers. The study examined the correlation between immunomodulators and immune cell infiltrations in normal and tumor tissues. Cordycepin (CD), an adenosine analog for SOX9 expression regulation, was also conducted on cancer cells. The results found that SOX9 protein is expressed in a variety of organs, including high expression in 13 organs and no expression in only two organs; in 44 tissues, there was high expression in 31 tissues, medium expression in four tissues, low expression in two tissues, and no expression in the other seven tissues. In pan-cancers with 33 cancer types, SOX9 expression was significantly increased in fifteen cancers, including CESC, COAD, ESCA, GBM, KIRP, LGG, LIHC, LUSC, OV, PAAD, READ, STAD, THYM, UCES, and UCS, but significantly decreased in only two cancers (SKCM and TGCT) compared with the matched healthy tissues. It suggests that SOX9 expression is upregulated in the most cancer types (15/33) as a proto-oncogene. The fact that the decrease of SOX9 expression in SKCM and the increase of SOX9 in the cell lines of melanoma inhibit tumorigenicity in both mouse and human ex vivo models demonstrates that SOX9 could also be a tumor suppressor. Further analyzing the prognostic values for SOX9 expression in cancer individuals revealed that OS is long in ACC and short in LGG, CESC, and THYM, suggesting that high SOX9 expression is positively correlated with the worst OS in LGG, CESC, and THYM, which could be used as a prognostic maker. In addition, CD inhibited both protein and mRNA expressions of SOX9 in a dose-dependent manner in 22RV1, PC3, and H1975 cells, indicating CD’s anticancer roles likely via SOX9 inhibition. Moreover, SOX9 might play an important role in tumor genesis and development by participating in immune infiltration. Altogether, SOX9 could be a biomarker for diagnostics and prognostics for pan-cancers and an emerging target for the development of anticancer drugs
Effects of the Zishen Yutai Pill compared with placebo on pregnancy outcomes among women in a fresh embryo transfer cycle: a Post Hoc subgroup analysis of a randomized controlled trial
ObjectiveTo assess whether the administration of Zishen Yutai Pill (ZYP) could improve the pregnancy outcomes in different subgroups of women undergoing fresh embryo transfer cycles.Materials and methodsThis is a post hoc analysis of a large scale, placebo-controlled, double blind, randomized clinical trial (RCT) regarding the use of ZYP during assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment. The RCT was conducted at 19 in vitro fertilization (IVF) centers between April 2014 and June 2017. A total of 2265 women undergoing fresh embryo transfer cycles were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive ZYP (n = 1131) or placebo (n = 1134). Post hoc logistic regression analyses were applied in this study to examine the between-group differences of ZYP and placebo on clinical pregnancy rate among different subgroups. Detailed analyses, both in intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol population, were also conducted in specific subgroups with regards to rates of implantation, biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, live birth, pregnancy loss, as well as other neonatal indices.ResultsZYP showed a significantly higher clinical pregnancy rates than placebo in the ITT population. Detailed subgroup analyses were conducted in subgroup in advanced maternal age (AMA, ≥ 35 years old) and overweight/obese patients (BMI > 24), due to the clinical importance and statistical results. In these subgroups, baseline characteristics were similar between two arms (all P > 0.05). Significantly elevated clinical pregnancy rates were observed in ZYP cohort (both P < 0.05) compared with the placebo group. Results also showed that ZYP treatment resulted in significantly higher rates of implantation, biochemical pregnancy in AMA or overweight/obese patients in ITT analysis (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe current post hoc subgroup analysis suggested that AMA and overweight/obese women could experience clinical benefits when treated with ZYP in their fresh embryo transfer cycles. The study provides references for the use of ZYP in ART practices. However, further studies in specific subgroups should be examined in more rigorous clinical trial settings.Clinical trial registrationChictr.org.cn, ChictrTRC-14004494
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