General model of lateral web dynamics between two reels

A flexible web unavoidably deviates from its prescribed (linear) path during processing. The lateral web dynamics can be caused by tilt of rollers, web defects, off axis motion of the reels and other factors. In this work we present a generalized model of web transport between two reels, supported by numerous rollers. The mechanics of the web between the two reels is represented by a single partial differential equation, hence coupling of web-spans or lack thereof can be predicted. Web-to-roller interaction is modeled by assuming that tape sticks to the roller surface. The results of this general model are compared to the well-known model by Shelton and Reid (SR), which is applicable in the free span between two rollers. Good agreement between the present model and SR-model is found when the upstream free-span is stiff (or the downstream free-span is compliant), when the wrap angle is large and lateral bending rigidity is high. The present model otherwise predicts coupling of the mechanics of the free spans. The model is flexible to consider a variety of imperfections related to the web geometry and the path components. The lateral motion of a weaved web which is transported on a path with tilted rollers is simulated. The amplitude and the direction of the scatter wind due to this effect are predicted. In general the model shows that the coupling between the upstream and downstream web spans around a roller should not be neglected

Clinical Pathways Based on Integrative Medicine in Chinese Hospitals Improve Treatment Outcomes for Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Multicentre, Nonrandomized Historically Controlled Trial

Objective. To determine the impact of an integrative medicine clinical pathways (CPs) on the length of in-hospital stay and on outcomes for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods. A multicenter nonrandomized controlled trial enrolling 197 consecutive patients with AMI at eight urban TCM hospitals was conducted between 1 January 2010 and 31 October 2010. These patients were enrolled in the interventional group after the CPs had been implemented. The control group included 405 patients with AMI from eight hospitals; these patients were treated between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2009, before the CPs were implemented. Outcome measures were the length of hospital stay costs of medical care, and major cardiovascular events (MACEs) during hospitalization. Results. Compared with the control group, the patients in intervention group had a shorter length of hospital stay (9 . 2 ± 4 . 2 days versus 1 2 . 7 ± 8 . 6 days, \u3c 0 . 0 5), and reduced healthcare costs in hospital (4 6 3 6 5 . 7 ± 1 8 2 6 6 . 9 versus 5 2 8 6 6 . 0 ± 3 5 4 0 4 . 4, \u3c 0 . 0 5). There were statistically significant differences in MACE between the two groups during the hospitalization period (2.5% versus 6.9%, = 0 . 0 3). Conclusion. These data suggest that the development and implementation of the clinical pathways based in Integrative Medicine could further improve quality of care and outcome for patients with AMI

Clinical Pathways Based on Integrative Medicine in Chinese Hospitals Improve Treatment Outcomes for Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Multicentre, Nonrandomized Historically Controlled Trial

Objective. To determine the impact of an integrative medicine clinical pathways (CPs) on the length of in-hospital stay and on outcomes for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods. A multicenter nonrandomized controlled trial enrolling 197 consecutive patients with AMI at eight urban TCM hospitals was conducted between 1 January 2010 and 31 October 2010. These patients were enrolled in the interventional group after the CPs had been implemented. The control group included 405 patients with AMI from eight hospitals; these patients were treated between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2009, before the CPs were implemented. Outcome measures were the length of hospital stay costs of medical care, and major cardiovascular events (MACEs) during hospitalization. Results. Compared with the control group, the patients in intervention group had a shorter length of hospital stay (9.2±4.2 days versus 12.7±8.6 days, P<0.05), and reduced healthcare costs in hospital (46365.7±18266.9 versus 52866.0±35404.4, P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in MACE between the two groups during the hospitalization period (2.5% versus 6.9%, P=0.03). Conclusion. These data suggest that the development and implementation of the clinical pathways based in Integrative Medicine could further improve quality of care and outcome for patients with AMI

Effects of age and dietary protein level on digestive enzyme activity and gene expression of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco larvae

The present research studied the effects of age and dietary protein level on pepsin, trypsin and amylase activity and their mRNA level in Petteobagrus fulvidraco larvae from 3 to 26 days after hatch (DAH). Three DAH larvae were fed three isoenergetic diets, containing 42.8% (CP 43), 47.3% (CP 47) and 52.8% (CP 53) crude protein. Live food (newly hatched Artemia, unenriched) was included as a control. The effects of age on enzyme activity and mRNA were as follows: pepsin and trypsin activity in all treatment groups showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase at the beginning and decrease later although the timing of decrease was not the same among treatment groups and between the digestive enzymes. Pepsin and trypsin mRNA level followed the pattern of their respective enzyme changes. Age significantly affected amylase activity (P < 0.05) while age had no effect on amylase mRNA during the experimental period. The four diets significantly (P < 0.05) affected activity and mRNA level of pepsin and trypsin. Diets did not affect amylase activity or mRNA level. These results suggest that the effects of age on pepsin and trypsin gene expressions are at the transcriptional level. Dietary protein level does affect pepsin and trypsin gene expression in the early life of P. fulvidraco. There were no transcriptional effects on amylase gene expression. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.The present research studied the effects of age and dietary protein level on pepsin, trypsin and amylase activity and their mRNA level in Petteobagrus fulvidraco larvae from 3 to 26 days after hatch (DAH). Three DAH larvae were fed three isoenergetic diets, containing 42.8% (CP 43), 47.3% (CP 47) and 52.8% (CP 53) crude protein. Live food (newly hatched Artemia, unenriched) was included as a control. The effects of age on enzyme activity and mRNA were as follows: pepsin and trypsin activity in all treatment groups showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase at the beginning and decrease later although the timing of decrease was not the same among treatment groups and between the digestive enzymes. Pepsin and trypsin mRNA level followed the pattern of their respective enzyme changes. Age significantly affected amylase activity (P < 0.05) while age had no effect on amylase mRNA during the experimental period. The four diets significantly (P < 0.05) affected activity and mRNA level of pepsin and trypsin. Diets did not affect amylase activity or mRNA level. These results suggest that the effects of age on pepsin and trypsin gene expressions are at the transcriptional level. Dietary protein level does affect pepsin and trypsin gene expression in the early life of P. fulvidraco. There were no transcriptional effects on amylase gene expression. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved