A new way to prove L'Hospital Monotone Rules with applications

Let $-\infty \leq a<b\leq \infty$. Let $f$ and $g$ be differentiable functions on $(a,b)$ and let $g^{\prime }\neq 0$ on $(a,b)$. By introducing an auxiliary function $H_{f,g}:=\left( f^{\prime }/g^{\prime }\right) g-f$, we easily prove L'Hoipital rules for monotonicity. This offer a natural and concise way so that those rules are easier to be understood. Using our L'Hospital Piecewise Monotone Rules (for short, LPMR), we establish three new sharp inequalities for hyperbolic and trigonometric functions as well as bivariate means, which supplement certain known results.Comment: 19 page

The monotonicity and convexity of a function involving digamma one and their applications

Let $\mathcal{L}(x,a)$ be defined on $\left( -1,\infty \right) \times \left( 4/15,\infty \right)$ or $\left( 0,\infty \right) \times \left( 1/15,\infty \right)$ by the formula% \begin{equation*} \mathcal{L}(x,a)=\tfrac{1}{90a^{2}+2}\ln \left( x^{2}+x+\tfrac{3a+1}{3}% \right) +\tfrac{45a^{2}}{90a^{2}+2}\ln \left( x^{2}+x+\allowbreak \tfrac{% 15a-1}{45a}\right) . \end{equation*} We investigate the monotonicity and convexity of the function $x\rightarrow F_{a}\left( x\right) =\psi \left( x+1\right) -\mathcal{L}(x,a)$, where $\psi$ denotes the Psi function. And, we determine the best parameter $a$ such that the inequality \psi \left( x+1\right) \right) \mathcal{L}% (x,a) holds for $x\in \left( -1,\infty \right)$ or $\left( 0,\infty \right)$, and then, some new and very high accurate sharp bounds for pis function and harmonic numbers are presented. As applications, we construct a sequence $\left( l_{n}\left( a\right) \right)$ defined by $l_{n}\left( a\right) =H_{n}-\mathcal{L}\left( n,a\right)$, which gives extremely accurate values for $\gamma$.Comment: 20 page