Increased Variation in Body Weight and Food Intake Is Related to Increased Dietary Fat but Not Increased Carbohydrate or Protein in Mice

Funding This study was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFA0801900) to JS and the Postdoctoral Innovation Fund (2021) to YW. The original diet exposure experiment was funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Program (XDB13030100). JS was also supported during this work by a PIFI professorial fellowship from CAS and a Wolfson merit award from the UK Royal Society. CORRECTION article Front. Nutr., 21 October 2022 Sec. Nutrition and Metabolism https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1049766 Corrigendum: Increased variation in body weight and food intake is related to increased dietary fat but not increased carbohydrate or protein in micePeer reviewedPublisher PD

Macleaya cordata isoquinoline alkaloids attenuate Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal epithelium injury in broiler chickens by co-regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways

This study sought to explore the effects and potential mechanisms of dietary supplementation with isoquinoline alkaloids (IA) from Macleaya cordata to alleviate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal epithelium injury in broilers. A total of 486 1-day-old broilers were assigned at random to a control (CON) group, LPS group, and LPS+IA group in a 21-d study. The CON and LPS groups received a basal diet, while the LPS+IA group received a basal diet supplemented with 0.6 mg/kg IA. At 17, 19, and 21 days of age, the LPS and LPS+BP groups were injected intraperitoneally with LPS, and the CON group was intraperitoneally injected equivalent amount of saline solution. The results manifested that LPS injection caused intestinal inflammation and lipid peroxidation, disrupted intestinal barrier and function, and increased the abundance of harmful microorganisms. However, dietary IA supplementation alleviated LPS-induced adverse changes in intestinal morphology, apoptosis, mucosal barrier integrity, cecum microorganisms, and homeostasis disorder by decreasing inflammatory cytokines and enhancing antioxidant-related genes expressions; inhibited LPS-induced increases in TLR4 and NF-κB expressions and decreases in Nrf2 and GPX1 genes expressions. Our findings indicated that Macleaya cordata IA addition attenuated LPS-induced intestinal epithelium injury and disorder of intestinal homeostasis by enhancing the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity of broiler chickens possibly via co-regulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways

Effects of dietary macronutrients and body composition on glucose homeostasis in mice

Funding This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Programs (XDA12030209 and XDB13030100), the 1000 Talents Program and a Wolfson Merit Award to J.R.SPeer reviewedPublisher PD

The hedonic overdrive model best explains high-fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice

Open Access via the Wiley Agreement National Key R&D Program of China. Grant Number: 2019YFA0801900 Chinese Academy of Sciences. Grant Number: XDB13030100 National Science Foundation of China. Grant Number: 92057206Peer reviewe

Effects of dietary macronutrients on the hepatic transcriptome and serum metabolome in mice

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The study was funded by National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFA0801900), National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (BX2021357), Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M693393) the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Program (XDB13030100), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91649108), a PIFI professorial fellowship from CAS and a Wolfson merit award from the UK Royal Society (all to J.R.S unless stated).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Investigation on Methods of Determining the Grouting Quality of Embedded Rock Bolts Using High Frequency Guided Waves

Two experiments, with differing equipment setups, were used to test rock bolts, with differing structures and grouting qualities, using low frequency (20–200 kHz) and high frequency (700 kHz-3 MHz) guided waves to determine the effect of grouting quality on the propagating velocity of the guided waves. The results indicate that grouting quality has a significant effect on the velocity at which waves of low frequencies propagate through embedded rock bolts. As guided wave frequency increases, the sensitivity of the propagating velocity of guided waves to grouting quality decreases. Furthermore, the influence of grouting quality on propagating velocity becomes negligible once the frequency of the guided wave is greater than or equal to 1.0 MHz. An investigation was conducted to ascertain the feasibility of utilizing high frequency guided waves to determine the grouting quality of embedded rock bolts. Moreover, this study discusses a method of evaluating the grouting quality of embedded rock bolts using the peak ratios and average amplitude ratios of the high frequency guided waves. Through an analysis of the results of the abovementioned method, it was discovered that the optimal guided wave frequency is 2.65 MHz for the evaluation of 20 mm fully-embedded rock bolts because waves with this frequency have the largest average amplitude ratios

The effect of red ginseng and ginseng leaves on the substance and energy metabolism in hypothyroidism rats

Background: Recent studies have revealed that the properties Traditional Chinese Medicine is mostly associated with are substance and energy metabolism. Our study aimed to compare the effect of red ginseng (RG) (warm property) and ginseng leaves (GL; cold property) on the substance and energy metabolism of rats with hypothyroidism. Materials and methods: Rats were administered propylthiouracil intraperitoneally for 20 d to cause hypothyroidism. The reference group was orally administered Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparaia [FZ (Fuzi in Chinese)], while both the RG and GL groups were orally administrated crude drugs. The rectal, tail, toe, and axilla temperature of the rats were assayed every 3 d. Oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, heat production, and energy expenditure were measured via TSE phenoMaster/LabMaster animal monitoring system. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, Na+-K+-ATPase, fumarase, pyruvic acid and cyclic adenosine monophosphate/cyclic guanosine monophosphate were determined. Results: The lower levels of triiodothyronine, tetraiodothyronine, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone and the higher level of thyroid stimulating hormone revealed the successful establishment of a hypothyroidism model. Oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, heat production, and energy expenditure in the FZ and RG groups were obviously increased. The activity of Na+-K+-ATPase and fumarase in the FZ and RG groups was significantly increased. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate/cyclic guanosine monophosphate level in the FZ and RG groups was increased, while the GL group showed the opposite. Conclusion: Our research provides a new way to explore the efficiency of Chinese medicine on the basis of the relationship between drug property and effects on substance and energy metabolism

Simultaneous Determination of Three Compounds in Rat Plasma by UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS and Its Application to Pharmacokinetics of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang

A rapid and highly selective and sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS) method was applied to simultaneously determine ephedrine, gastrodin, and liquiritin in rat plasma. The three analytes and vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside (I.S.) were analyzed on a Waters Acquity UPLC C18 column (1.7 μm, 2.1 mm × 100 mm) at 30°C with gradient mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A) and acetonitrile (B) after one-step direct protein precipitation with acetonitrile. The detection was performed by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode via electrospray ionization (ESI) source in positive and negative ion modes. The product ions m/z 166.1⟶148.1, 285.1⟶123.1, 417.1⟶255.1, and 579.0⟶433.1 were used for determination of ephedrine, gastrodin, liquiritin, and I.S., respectively. The calibration curves of the three analytes were linear with r2 greater than 0.994. The intra and interday precision RSD% was less than 11.5 and 13.4. The intra and interday precision RE% was between −10.4% and 9.33%. The average extraction recoveries of the three analytes were no less than 86.88 ± 1.08%. The developed and validated method was for the first time applied to the pharmacokinetics of three compounds in rat plasma after intragastric administration of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang

Impacts of large-scale suspended mussel farm on seston depletion

The productivity of a suspended mussel farm depends on the abundance of naturally available food. This study constructs a tracer decay model that incorporates mussel filtration and integrates it with a well-established 3D ocean circulation model to examine the spatiotemporal variation of seston depletion at a large-scale suspended mussel farm on Gouqi Island, located offshore in the East China Sea. A novel Wirewalker ocean-wave-powered vertical profiling system was deployed to monitor chlorophyll-a concentration at the edge of the mussel farm. The observed profiles of chlorophyll-a concentration revealed that the current exiting the farm during ebb tide is associated with a lower concentration compared to the current entering the farm during flood tide. This suggests that the filter feeding activity of mussels within the farm is primary contributor to this reduced chlorophyll-a concentration. This finding is consistent with the tracer model results, which indicates a higher tracer concentration entering the farm and a lower tracer concentration exiting it. The model results suggest that the blocking effect of the farm can significantly exacerbate seston depletion, particularly during neap tide as opposed to spring tide. The interplay of tidal characteristics and topography has resulted in two areas that are particularly vulnerable to seston depletion: one centrally situated within the mussel farm, and another near the islands. However, it is possible to alleviate seston depletion by aligning the waterway within the farm with the major axis of the tidal ellipse. Consequently, it is crucial to consider tidal conditions surrounding the farm for optimal farm layout design, increased production, and enhanced stock quality in shellfish farms facing seston depletion