Introduction to the Influence of Accounting Measurement Attributes on Financial Information

This paper starts from analyzing the influence of coexistence of various measurement attributes on financial information. Thus, points out the coexistence of multiple measurement attributes cannot realize the organic unity of financial information’s reliability and correlation but on the contrary harms them. Therefore, the paper gives a resolution of separating reliability and correlation information at last

Research on Cost Strategies in Railway Construction Business Based on Value Chain Analysis

Based on the completive advantage and value chain, this paper analyzes the key link of value chain construction and value creation of railway construction enterprises, after this, we discussed the effective approaches and methods for railway construction enterprises to carry out cost strategy and promote the market development.Key word: Railway construction enterprises; Value chain; Cost strategie

Effect of Seed Size and Density on Near-infrared Transmittance Analysis of Corn and Soybeans

Soybean physical and chemical properties changed by size (from 4.8 to 8.8 mm diameter), but soybean size and seed density did not affect the protein and oil determination accuracy of three near-infrared transmission analyzers. Corn samples were also separated by size and kernel density. Changes in corn kernel density and size introduced small errors in near-infrared transmission protein, oil, and starch measurements. In corn protein, the maximum error was about ±0.2% points. A robust calibration set is needed to eliminate the weak seed weight and density effects, as well as to support the corn density calibration for near-infrared analyzers

Deterministic-Statistical Approach for an Inverse Acoustic Source Problem using Multiple Frequency Limited Aperture Data

We propose a deterministic-statistical method for an inverse source problem using multiple frequency limited aperture far field data. The direct sampling method is used to obtain a disc such that it contains the compact support of the source. The Dirichlet eigenfunctions of the disc are used to expand the source function. Then the inverse problem is recast as a statistical inference problem for the expansion coefficients and the Bayesian inversion is employed to reconstruct the coefficients. The stability of the statistical inverse problem with respect to the measured data is justified in the sense of Hellinger distance. A preconditioned Crank-Nicolson (pCN) Metropolis-Hastings (MH) algorithm is implemented to explore the posterior density function of the unknowns. Numerical examples show that the proposed method is effective for both smooth and non-smooth sources given limited-aperture data

β-Arrestin1 Mediates the Endocytosis and Functions of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine, regulating inflammatory and immune responses. MIF binds to cell surface receptor CD74, resulting in both rapid and sustained ERK activation. It was reported that MIF-induced rapid ERK activation requires its co-receptor CD44. But the exact mechanism underlying sustained ERK activation is not well understood. In the current study, we described a detailed mechanism of MIF mediated sustained ERK activation. We found that β-arrestin1, a scaffold protein involved in the activation of the MAPK cascade, interacts with CD74 upon MIF stimulation, resulting in CD74-mediated MIF endocytosis in a chlorpromazine (CPZ)-sensitive manner. β-arrestin1 is also involved in endocytotic MIF signaling, leading to sustained ERK activation. Therefore β-arrestin1 plays a central role in coupling MIF endocytosis to sustained ERK activation

Agenda setting and micro-blog use: An analysis of the relationship between Sina Weibo and newspaper agendas in China

The present study investigates the influence of micro-blogs on the major agenda-setting media in China in the immediate aftermath of a catastrophic railway accident. Study findings are based on a content analysis of micro-blog messages and traditional mainstream media reports that were published in the nine days subsequent to the July 23, 2011 bullet train crash accident. Results suggest that, in the immediate aftermath of a catastrophic train wreck, alternative online media played a decisive role in setting mainstream media agendas and providing a citizen forum on a sensitive issue that their conventional counterparts downplayed, ignored, or missed altogether. In particular, the traditional media’s agenda setting power is no longer universal nor singular within micro-blogging outlets. Instead, traditional media—once a monolithic establishment—are now just one of the role players among many competing influences

Reactive Oxygen Species and p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Mediate Exercise-induced Skeletal Muscle-derived Interleukin-6 Expression

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine secreted by many different cell types, and skeletal muscle is an important source of IL-6 during exercise. Here, we studied the effects of glucose deprivation in vitro on skeletal muscle-derived IL-6 expression and release in C2C12 myocytes, as well as its regulation by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). C2C12 myotubes were cultured in DMEM medium containing 4.5 g · L−1 glucose (glucose control, GC) or DMEM medium containing no glucose (glucose deprivation, GD) for 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours, and then incubated with 10mM NAC (a ROS scavenger) or 10 μM SB203580 (a p38MAPK inhibitor) under either GC or GD conditions for 24 hours. IL-6 expression levels were subsequently analyzed using RT–PCR, and IL-6 protein levels in the medium were measured using ELISA. Glucose deprivation significantly enhanced IL-6 expression at 18 and 24 hours compared to the glucose control, and caused IL-6 protein levels to increase significantly over the entire 24-hour measurement period. The ROS scavenger NAC inhibited the glucose deprivation-induced release of IL-6 protein almost completely, while the p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 inhibited glucose deprivation-induced IL-6 protein release to a lesser extent. Our study suggests that glucose deprivation in C2C12 myocytes induces IL-6 expression and release, and that this IL-6 release is mainly mediated via ROS signaling. Skeletal muscle-derived IL-6 may thus play an important role in energy metabolism during exercise

Relationship between C - Reactive Protein and Stroke: A Large Prospective Community Based Study

Objective: Previous studies have suggested that C-reactive protein (CRP) was associated with risk of stroke. There were few studies in Asian population, or on stroke subtypes other than ischemic stroke. We thus investigated the relationship between CRP and the risks of all stroke and its subtypes in a Chinese adult population. Methods: In the current study, we included 90,517 Chinese adults free of stroke and myocardial infarction at baseline (June 2006 to October 2007) in analyses. Strokes were classified as ischemic stroke (IS), intracranial heamorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid heamorrhage (SAH). High-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) were categorized into three groups: 3 mg/L. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate the association between hs-CRP concentrations and all stroke, as well as its subtypes. Results: During a median follow-up time of 49 months, we documented 1,472 incident stroke cases. Of which 1,049 (71.3%) were IS, 383 (26.0%) were ICH, and 40 (2.7%) were SAH. After multivariate adjustment, hs-CRP concentrations ≥1 mg/L were associated with increased risks of all stroke (hs-CRP 1–3 mg/L: hazard ratio (HR) 1.17, 95% confidential interval (CI) 1.03–1.33; hs-CRP>3 mg/L: HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07–1.46) and IS (hs-CRP 1–3 mg/L: HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.01–1.36; hs-CRP>3 mg/L: HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.11–1.60), but not with ICH and SAH. Subgroup analyses showed that higher hs-CRP concentration was more prone to be a risk factor for all stroke and IS in non-fatal stroke, male and hypertensive participants. Conclusion: We found that higher hs-CRP concentrations were associated with a higher risk of IS, particularly for non-fatal stroke, male and hypertensive subjects. In contrast, we did not observe significant associations between hs-CRP and ICH/SAH

Recurrence of odontogenic keratocysts and possible prognostic factors : review of 455 patients

To describe epidemiological features of 565 Chinese patients with odontogenic keratocysts (OKC), to investigate possible prognostic factors related to recurrence, and to analyse features of recurrent OKC (rOKC). A retrospective chart review of 565 cases of OKC treated between 2003 and 2015 was undertaken. The probability of recurrence related to prognostic factors including large size, cortical perforation combined with involved teeth in the lumen of the cyst, inflammation, sites of the involved lesion, sex, and daughter cyst variables were analysed. The subsequent relapse of each OKC was compared. Patients ranged in age from 7 to 81 years (mean age, 28.4 years) and, of those affected, 66.9% were male and 33.1% were female. Mandibular OKC occurred in 63.01% and 36.99% occurred in the maxilla, 80.53% of patients had non-rOKC, 10.44% rOKC, and 9.03% had multiple OKC lesions. Enucleation with preservation of the involved teeth in the cystic lesion combined with cortical perforation was statistically associated with high recurrence rate, as were daughter cysts, and multilocular lesions. The number of recurrences and the average time (in years) to relapse decreased from the first relapse of OKC to the third relapse, and the difference was significant (P<.05). Preservation of the involved teeth combined with cortical perforation appeared to be a potential prognostic factor associated with high recurrence. The follow-up evaluation period for rOKC with ? 2 previous treatments should be shorter than for first-time rOKC. The decreasing average duration (years postoperatively) to relapse was related to the number of rOKCs, timing of relapse, and rOKC type