THE EFFECT OF APPLYING WITH IMMUNOCYTOPHYTE ON THE CONTENT AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL FROM COMMON BASIL OF ‘TRAKIA’ CULTIVAR

The aim of the study was to establish the effect of the leaf treatments with Immunocytophyte on the content, yield and chemical composition of the essential oil distilled from dry leaf and stems biomass and flower spikes of common basil, ‘Trakia’ cultivar. The experiment was carried out in the period 2007-2009 on the Training-and-Experimental fields of the Agricultural University – Plovdiv, set by the block plot design in four replications, the plot size being 20 m2. The following variants were studied: 1) Control; 2) 0.5 tablet per 50 m2, 3) 1 tablet per 50 m2, 4) 1.5 tablet per 50 m2, applied three times during the vegetation period before flowering of the second-order branches after basic fertilization with 16 kg/da of nitrogen (applied three times) and irrigation to 80-100% of water holding capacity. The results showed that the application of Immunocytophyte had a negative effect on the essential oil content. Nevertheless, higher essential oil yields were obtained in the treated variants thanks to the higher yield of dry matter. The major components of the essential oil distilled from dry leaf and stem biomass and flower spikes are linalool, limonene, methyl chavicol and methyl cinnamate

ON ТНЕ DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF АСUТЕ PANCREATIТIS

In urgеnt abdominal surgery the acute inflammation of thе pancreas always creates difficulties in the differential diagnosis of the disorder. Treatment аnd prophylaxis which to а lаrgе extent dереnd оn correct аnd рrоmрt diagnosis recently also represent problems of interest. Тhе superior results from the conservative treatment impose to the surgeon higher precision in making the diagnosis of this ailment.During the past two years (1962-1963) in the Suгgical Clinic we had а number of cases of acute pancreatitis. For this period two of  the 15 patients with this diagnosis were admitted with the diagnosis of choelithiatic attack, two - with acute cholecystitis, two - with nephrolitiasis and ninе - with acute pancreatitis.In аll patients the diagnosis is elucidated within the first 24 houгs, and in 6 - even in the out-patient service. Diagnostic errors, in the sense of hyperdiagnosis, аге admitted in two patients (one sufferiпg from acute gastritis and the other with hernia inguinalis incarcerata).

Effect of High Levels of Ammonia in Air on Adrenal Response to Adrenocorticotropin and Forced Running in Rabbits

The aim of the present study was to assess adrenal response to high air ammonia levels in rabbits. Twenty male rabbits of the New Zealand White breed at the age of 4 months were randomly allocated into two groups: control - reared under low air ammonia levels (1.4-14.6 ppm) and experimental – reared under higher ammonia levels (28-57 ppm). The rabbits of both groups were subjected to forced running for 15 min on day 37 of the trial and two weeks later they received i.m. injection of 0.1 mg synthetic adrenocorticotropin (ACTH1-24) per rabbit. The animals were sacrificed two days after termination of the trial and some internal organs and glands were excised and weighed. Plasma cortisol levels in both groups were not significantly altered at 20 and 60 min following the end of forced running relative to basal levels. Plasma corticosterone level in the control rabbits declined at 20 min (P<0.01) and 60 min (P<0.05) following exposure to forced running and remained unchanged in the experimental group. Plasma cortisol and corticosterone concentrations in both groups declined significantly at 60 and 120 min following ACTH injection. The rabbits under high ammonia levels had heavier adrenal glands than control rabbits (P<0.01). The results are interpreted to suggest that ammonia-induced higher adrenal weight was due to hypertrophy of adrenal zona glomerulosa

Effect of Acute Heat Stress on Some Hematological Parameters, Trace Elements and Meat Quality in Rabbits

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of acute heat stress on some hematological parameters, trace elements and meat quality traits in rabbits. Twelve male rabbits at the age of 4 months were allocated into 2 groups: control and experimental. The experimental rabbits were exposed to intermittent solar radiation for 4 hours at 36 °C. The following parameters were determined: white blood cells (WBC) count, red blood cells (RBC) count, hematocrit, neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages, liver and meat content of chromium (Cr) and selenium (Se), pH of meat at 60 min and 24 h post mortem, meat color, myoglobin and water holding capacity (WHC). Exposure to heat increased neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (P<0.01) and liver content of Cr (P<0.01), while WBC count, RBC count, hematocrit, liver Se, muscle Cr and Se, pH of meat at 24 h, meat color, myoglobin and WHC were not affected by the applied heat load. The experimental rabbits had significantly lower meat pH at 60 min after slaughter relative to the control rabbits (P<0.05). It was suggested that experimental rabbits had sufficient muscle glycogen at the time of slaughter needed to produce the lactic acid that reduced the ultimate pH of post-mortem muscle within the range observed in the control rabbits

THE STATE POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON THE NORTHERN AND ARCTIC TERRITORIES IN THE 1990S: STAGES, PRIORITIES, MECHANISMS, AND RESULTS

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to determine the state policy of the Russian Federation on the Northern and Arctic territories in the 1990s. Methodology: This is analytical-logical research that has been done through content analysis and documentary and library research. Result: Results showed that First of all Russia abruptly changed the priorities of its policy to the Far North setting the course to leave the region in all spheres. Dozens of polar expeditions from the USA, Norway, and Germany were sent to the Russian sector of polar lands. Russia itself rapidly turned off its economic presence in the North. “The North Pole-31” (drifting polar station) was stopped for 12 years on June 25, 1991. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of the state policy of the Russian Federation on the northern and arctic territories in the 1990s is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

Agricultural Academy

Abstract MONEVA, P., S. POPOVA-RALCHEVA, D. GUDEV, V. SREDKOVA and I. YANCHEV, 2008. Study on the metabolic implication of supplemental tryptophan in exposed to stress chickens. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., The effect of supplemental tryptophan (5g/1Kg -1 diet) on some indices of stress, heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (H:L), leukocyte and erythrocyte numbers in chickens under stress induced by alternating periods of normal feeding with periods of feed and water withdrawal was investigated. Twenty chickens at the age of six weeks were randomly allocated into two groups-control and experimental. Experimental birds were deprived of feed and water and their legs tied for seventeen hours each day in four consecutive days. Body weight was registered on d 0 (baseline value), d 7 (preliminary period-free of stress) and on d 11 (experimental period). Blood samples were taken on d 0 and d 11. Relative weights of some immunobiological organs were also measured at the end of the experimental period. Supplemental tryptophan alleviated body weight decline, decreased spleen (P&gt;0.05) and liver (P&lt;0.05) relative weights, but had no significant effect on those of adrenal glands and bursa of Fabricius. Plasma urea levels were not influenced by supplemental tryptophan but plasma glucose levels declined by 14h and cholesterol levels by 17h in comparison with control group. Tryptophan supplementation prevented H: L ratio increment caused by stressor treatment. Leukocyte numbers and hematocrit values were not significantly influenced by tryptophan. Interleukin-1α response to stress declined in triptophan supplemented chickens by 14 h following the start of stressor treatment but corticosterone response was not influenced. Our results indicate that tryptophan is implicated in white blood cells dynamics and influences the pattern of the observed stress indices in chickens

Random-Matrix Theory of Quantum Size Effects on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Metal Particles

The distribution function of the local density of states is computed exactly for the Wigner-Dyson ensemble of random Hamiltonians. In the absence of time-reversal symmetry, precise agreement is obtained with the "supersymmetry" theory by Efetov and Prigodin of the NMR lineshape in disordered metal particles. Upon breaking time-reversal symmetry, the variance of the Knight shift in the smallest particles is reduced by a universal factor of 2/3. ***To be published in Physical Review B.****Comment: 4 pages, REVTeX-3.0, 1 postscript figure, INLO-PUB-940819; [2017: figure included in text

Comparison of statistical parameters for estimating the yield and stability of winter common wheat

Abstract. Data from different multi-environmental trails (MET) were analysed, including different number of varieties, number of locations and different research periods. The first experiment (24 PhD) included 24 wheat varieties that were studied in five locations of the country over a period of four years (2009-2012). The second field experiment (40 ABC) consists of 40 new advanced wheat lines and cultivars, which were studied in three locations over a three-year period (2017-2019). The grain yield datasets from the two experiments were used to make a direct comparison of various statistical parameters to assess the genotype stability against the background of significant growing conditions. The study involves the use of several statistical packages that are specialized for this purpose. Based on the ranking assessment of the values of each statistical parameter, a critical analysis was made of its relationship with the yield, for each dataset separately. For this purpose, the possibilities of correlation, principal component and cluster analyses were used. Parameters for which information differs between datasets or between statistical packages are removed from the analysis list. The final set of 31 parameters was analysed according to the set goal, after a statistically justified possibility to merge the two datasets. Most of the rank parameters do not show correlation with grain yield. The units are the parameters, the correlation of which is either positive (Pi, Ysi, TOP, λ) or, respectively, negative (DJi, NP(1), CVi]). The analysis of the data through different statistical approaches shows that the parameters correspond to the dynamic concept of stability assessment. Only one of the parameters (θi) is related to static stability assessment. In the presence of many more effective than it, it should not be applied because it is an exception from the analysed group. The groups of parameters of the regression coefficient (bi), the deviation from the regression line (s2 di), ecovalence (W2 i) and the stability variance (σ²i), give objective information about the behaviour of the variety in environmental conditions and it is not influenced by software. Some of the non-parametric [S(i) NP(i)] assessment methods provide diametrically opposed information for stability because of differences arising from either the dataset or the software used. Suitable for stability assessment are non-parametric approaches - [S(1) and S(2)], which is fully confirmed by the three software packages. Each of the used software packages contains a set of parameters, the application of which as a set gives correct information about all aspects of the wheat stabilit

Evaluation of heritability and genetic advance of some quality parameters in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under genotype by environmental interaction

Abstract. Growing conditions play a significant role in the yield and grain quality of winter wheat. Global climate changes and in particular in the meteorological situation in the regions typical for the crop presuppose conducting research on the newly created breeding materials for grain quality. The aim of the study is to determine the nature and magnitude of the change in important parameters of grain quality, under the influence of typical environmental conditions for growing common wheat. The working hypothesis suggests that most of the parameters have a good genetic basis that would allow the selection to lead to their increase. In a multi environmental field experiment involving five test locations over three consecutive years, changes in eight grain quality parameters were investigated reflecting different aspects of the end-use quality. The study involved 40 samples of wheat developed by the breeding company “Agronom” in the last 20 years. With the help of modern methods for statistical analysis, the effect of the main breeding factors “location”, “year” and “genotype”, the limits of variation and the correlations between them have been established. The real possibilities for selection and breeding of each parameter have been analyzed, against the background of the rest of the group. Quality parameters change significantly from the three factors studied. The interaction “genotype x year” has the strongest influence on each of them. The “location x genotype” interaction is not a factor that affects the parameters. Only Deformation energy shows a significant share of the genotype, while the other two factors have a negligible influence on it. Each of the studied parameters, without exception, changes both adequately (linearly, IPC1) and inadequately (nonlinearly, IPC2) when the conditions change during the studied seasons. This nature of change is the reason for the relatively weak positive correlations between the parameters, as well as for their low heritability coefficients in a broad sense. Against the background of the data, the values of Genetic advance are indicated, with which each of them can be increased by selection. There are both positive and negative correlations between the parameters, the direction and value of which must be taken into account in the attempt to change them. An effective selection can be made on the parameters Extensibility index, Deformation energy and P/L ratio which have the strongest genetic control (H2> 0.60), which against the background of the strong influence of the environment (“location”, “year”, “location x year”) can lead to genetic advantage with 12% (Extensibility index), 17% (Deformation energy), 51% (P/L) of their present value. A selection based on PC or Wet gluten content parameters that have a direct effect on overall quality can also be effective (H2 =0.58-0.63). Instead, it would be more prudent to monitor, not so much their quantitative, but their qualitative composition, the accumulation of known or new alleles of glutenins (Glu) and gliadins (Gli), for which there is specific information that they are directly related to high grain quality

Potential fluctuations due to the randomly distributed charges at the semiconductor-insulator interface in mis-structures

SIGLEITItal