Production of χc\chi_{c} and ηc\eta_{c} production in ultra-peripheral collisions with two-photon processes

We calculate the production of $\chi_{c}$ and $\eta_{c}$ by the semi-coherent and coherent two-photon interaction in ultra-peripheral heavy ion collisions at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies. The differential cross section of transverse momentum distribution and rapidity distribution for $AB\stackrel{\gamma\gamma}{\longrightarrow}AHB$ (H=$\chi_{c}$ and $\eta_{c}$), are estimated by using the equivalent photon approximation in ultra-peripheral nucleus-nucleus collisions. The numerical results demonstrate that the experimental study of $\chi_{c}$ and $\eta_{c}$ in ultra-peripheral nucleus-nucleus collisions is feasible at RHIC and LHC energies.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2209.1143

Production of positronium, dimuonium, and ditauonium in ultra-peripheral heavy ion collisions with two-photon processes

We calculate the production of exotic electromagnetic bound systems, which ia an consisting of a ($l^{+}l^{-}$) bound state system such as positronium, dimuonium, and ditauonium, by photon-photon interaction with the equivalent photon approximation in ultra-peripheral heavy ion collisions considering the nuclear form factor. The numerical results demonstrate that the experimental study of positronium, dimuonium, and ditauonium in ultra-peripheral collisions is feasible at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure

Virus-derived transgenes expressing hairpin RNA give immunity to Tobacco mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>An effective method for obtaining resistant transgenic plants is to induce RNA silencing by expressing virus-derived dsRNA in plants and this method has been successfully implemented for the generation of different plant lines resistant to many plant viruses.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Inverted repeats of the partial <it>Tobacco mosaic virus </it>(TMV) movement protein (MP) gene and the partial <it>Cucumber mosaic virus </it>(CMV) replication protein (Rep) gene were introduced into the plant expression vector and the recombinant plasmids were transformed into <it>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</it>. <it>Agrobacterium</it>-mediated transformation was carried out and three transgenic tobacco lines (MP16-17-3, MP16-17-29 and MP16-17-58) immune to TMV infection and three transgenic tobacco lines (Rep15-1-1, Rep15-1-7 and Rep15-1-32) immune to CMV infection were obtained. Virus inoculation assays showed that the resistance of these transgenic plants could inherit and keep stable in T₄progeny. The low temperature (15℃) did not influence the resistance of transgenic plants. There was no significant correlation between the resistance and the copy number of the transgene. CMV infection could not break the resistance to TMV in the transgenic tobacco plants expressing TMV hairpin MP RNA.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We have demonstrated that transgenic tobacco plants expressed partial TMV movement gene and partial CMV replicase gene in the form of an intermolecular intron-hairpin RNA exhibited complete resistance to TMV or CMV infection.</p

Improve Affective Learning with EEG Approach

With the development of computer science, cognitive science and psychology, a new paradigm, affective learning, has emerged into e-learning domain. Although scientists and researchers have achieved fruitful outcomes in exploring the ways of detecting and understanding learners affect, e.g. eyes motion, facial expression etc., it sounds still necessary to deepen the recognition of learners affect in learning procedure with innovative methodologies. Our research focused on using bio-signals based methodology to explore learner's affect and the study was primarily made on Electroencephalography (EEG). After the EEG signals were collected from EEG equipment, we tidied the EEG data with signal processing algorithms and then extracted some features. We applied k-Nearest-Neighbor classifier and Naive Bayes classifier to these features to find out a combination, which may mostly contribute to reflect learners' affect, for example, Attention. In the classification algorithm, we presented a different way of using the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) model to classify and analyze learners attention, although the SAM was normally used for classifying emotions, for example, happiness etc. For the purpose of evaluating our findings, we also developed an affective learning prototype based on university e-learning web site. A real time EEG feedback window and an attention report were integrated into the system. The result of the experiment was encouraging and further discussion was also included in this paper

Extra-Cerebellar Signs and Non-motor Features in Chinese Patients With Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3

Objectives: Our study attempted to systematically explore the prevalence of extra-cerebellar signs and non-motor symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, fatigue, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and sleep disturbances in a cohort of Chinese patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), and further investigated the correlations between non-motor symptoms and clinical characteristics in SCA3 patients.Methods: This study included 68 molecular-proven SCA3 patients. Extra-cerebellar signs were evaluated with the Inventory of Non-Ataxia Symptoms (INAS). The INAS count indicated the number of non-ataxia signs in each patient. The severity of ataxia, fatigue, EDS, sleep quality, anxiety, and depression were assessed using the Scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) (24 items), respectively.Results: Extra-cerebellar signs were detected in 91.2% of all SCA3 patients and the mean total INAS count was 2.72 ± 1.88. Rigidity was the most frequent extra-cerebellar sign (47.1%, N = 32). Sensory symptoms (2.9%, N = 2) and chorea (5.9%, N = 4) were rare, and myoclonus (0%) was not found in this cohort. High frequencies of sleep disturbances (64.7%), fatigue (52.9%), depression (48.5%), and anxiety (42.6%) were detected in SCA3 patients. The Spearman correlation indicated that the HAMD score was associated with the CAG repeat length and HAMA score, while the PSQI score was correlated with the SARA and FSS score. In addition, multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the CAG repeat length, age of onset, sleep disturbances and depression were significant predictors of fatigue in SCA3 patients.Conclusions: Our study indicates that the vast majority of SCA3 patients display extra-cerebellar signs. Except for EDS, anxiety, depression, fatigue and impaired sleep quality are present in SCA3 patients. The CAG repeat length, age of onset, sleep disturbances and depression are predictors of fatigue in SCA3 patients

Approaches to enhance electroluminescent efficiency of light-emitting diodes based on quasi-two-dimensional perovskite

Quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) perovskites with (Ai)2(A2)n-iPbnX3n+i multi-quantum well structures are considered as the potential electroluminescence (EL) materials due to their controllable quantum confine effect which would lead a high EL efficiency. However, the quasi-2D perovskite films fabricated with solution processing technologies consist of different n phases and orientated layers, which limits the performance of quasi-2D perovskite light- emitting diodes (PeLEDs). To improve the performance of PeLEDs, it is essential to obtain perovskite thin films with both large exciton binding energy, complete surface coverage and suitable morphology. Here some approaches are developed to improve the performance of quasi-2D PeLEDs

Impact of biogenic SOA loading on the molecular composition of wintertime PM2.5 in urban Tianjin: an insight from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Biomass burning is one of the key sources of urban aerosols in the North China Plain, especially in winter when the impact of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) formed from biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) is generally considered to be minor. However, little is known about the influence of biogenic SOA loading on the molecular composition of wintertime organic aerosols. Here, we investigated the water-soluble organic compounds in fine particles (PM2.5) from urban Tianjin by ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Our results show that most of the CHO and CHON compounds were derived from biomass burning; they contain O-poor and highly unsaturated compounds with aromatic rings, which are sensitive to photochemical reactions, and some of which probably contribute to light-absorbing chromophores. Under moderate to high SOA loading conditions, the nocturnal chemistry is more efficient than photooxidation to generate secondary CHO and CHON compounds with high oxygen content. Under low SOA-loading, secondary CHO and CHON compounds with low oxygen content are mainly formed by photochemistry. Secondary CHO compounds are mainly derived from oxidation of monoterpenes. But nocturnal chemistry may be more productive to sesquiterpene-derived CHON compounds. In contrast, the number- and intensity-weight of S-containing groups (CHOS and CHONS) increased significantly with the increase of biogenic SOA-loading, which agrees with the fact that a majority of the S-containing groups are identified as organosulfates and nitrooxy-organosulfates that are derived from the oxidation of BVOCs. Terpenes may be potential major contributors to the chemical diversity of organosulfates and nitrooxy-organosulfates under photo-oxidation. While the nocturnal chemistry is more beneficial to the formation of organosulfates and nitrooxy-organosulfates under low SOA-loading. The SOA-loading is an important factor associating with the oxidation degree, nitrate group content and chemodiversity of nitrooxy-organosulfates. Furthermore, our study suggests that the hydrolysis of nitrooxy-organosulfates is a possible pathway for the formation of organosulfates.</p

Development, validation, and evaluation of a risk assessment tool for personalized screening of gastric cancer in Chinese populations

Background Effective risk prediction models are lacking for personalized endoscopic screening of gastric cancer (GC). We aimed to develop, validate, and evaluate a questionnaire-based GC risk assessment tool for risk prediction and stratification in the Chinese population. Methods In this three-stage multicenter study, we first selected eligible variables by Cox regression models and constructed a GC risk score (GCRS) based on regression coefficients in 416,343 subjects (aged 40–75 years) from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB, development cohort). In the same age range, we validated the GCRS effectiveness in 13,982 subjects from another independent Changzhou cohort (validation cohort) as well as in 5348 subjects from an endoscopy screening program in Yangzhou. Finally, we categorized participants into low (bottom 20%), intermediate (20–80%), and high risk (top 20%) groups by the GCRS distribution in the development cohort. Results The GCRS using 11 questionnaire-based variables demonstrated a Harrell’s C-index of 0.754 (95% CI, 0.745–0.762) and 0.736 (95% CI, 0.710–0.761) in the two cohorts, respectively. In the validation cohort, the 10-year risk was 0.34%, 1.05%, and 4.32% for individuals with a low (≤ 13.6), intermediate (13.7~30.6), and high (≥ 30.7) GCRS, respectively. In the endoscopic screening program, the detection rate of GC varied from 0.00% in low-GCRS individuals, 0.27% with intermediate GCRS, to 2.59% with high GCRS. A proportion of 81.6% of all GC cases was identified from the high-GCRS group, which represented 28.9% of all the screened participants. Conclusions The GCRS can be an effective risk assessment tool for tailored endoscopic screening of GC in China. Risk Evaluation for Stomach Cancer by Yourself (RESCUE), an online tool was developed to aid the use of GCRS