16 research outputs found
Legislative Documents
Also, variously referred to as: Senate bills; Senate documents; Senate legislative documents; legislative documents; and General Court documents
Synthetic Progestins Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Dydrogesterone and Their Binary Mixtures Adversely Affect Reproduction and Lead to Histological and Transcriptional Alterations in Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>)
Medroxyprogesterone
acetate (MPA) and dydrogesterone (DDG) are
synthetic progestins widely used in human and veterinary medicine.
Although aquatic organisms are exposed to them through wastewater
and animal farm runoff, very little is known about their effects in
the environment. Here we provide a comprehensive analysis of the responses
of zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) to MPA, DDG, and their
binary mixtures at measured concentrations between 4.5 and 1663 ng/L.
DDG and both mixtures impaired reproductive capacities (egg production)
of breeding pairs and led to histological alterations of ovaries and
testes and increased gonadosomatic index. Transcriptional analysis
of up to 28 genes belonging to different pathways demonstrated alterations
in steroid hormone receptors, steroidogenesis enzymes, and specifically,
the circadian rhythm genes, in different organs of adult zebrafish
and eleuthero-embryos. Alterations occurred even at environmentally
relevant concentrations of 4.5–4.8 ng/L MPA, DDG and the mixture
in eleuthero-embryos and at 43–89 ng/L in adult zebrafish.
Additionally, the mixtures displayed additive effects in most but
not all parameters in adults and eleuthero-embryos, suggesting concentration
addition. Our data suggest that MPA and DDG and their mixtures induce
multiple transcriptional responses at environmentally relevant concentrations
and adverse effects on reproduction and gonad histology at higher
levels
Environmental Progestins Progesterone and Drospirenone Alter the Circadian Rhythm Network in Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>)
Progestins
alter hormone homeostasis and may result in reproductive
effects in humans and animals. Thus far, studies in fish have focused
on the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG)-axis and
reproduction, but other effects have little been investigated. Here
we report that progesterone (P4) and drospirenone (DRS) interfere
with regulation of the circadian rhythm in fish. Breeding pairs of
adult zebrafish were exposed to P4 and DRS at concentrations between
7 and 13 650 ng/L for 21 days. Transcriptional analysis revealed
significant and dose-dependent alterations of the circadian rhythm
network in the brain with little effects in the gonads. Significant
alterations of many target transcripts occurred even at environmental
relevant concentrations of 7 ng/L P4 and at 99 ng/L DRS. They were
fully consistent with the well-described circadian rhythm negative/positive
feedback loops. Transcriptional alterations of the circadian rhythm
network were correlated with those in the HPG-Liver-axis. Fecundity
was decreased at 742 (P4) and 2763 (DRS) ng/L. Dose-dependent alterations
in the circadian rhythm network were also observed in F1 eleuthero-embryos.
Our results suggest a potential target of environmental progestins,
the circadian rhythm network, in addition to the adverse reproductive
effects. Forthcoming studies should show whether the transcriptional
alterations in circadian rhythm translate into physiological effects
Occurrence and Ecotoxicological Effects of Free, Conjugated, and Halogenated Steroids Including 17α-Hydroxypregnanolone and Pregnanediol in Swiss Wastewater and Surface Water
Apart
from estrogens, the occurrence and ecotoxicity of steroids
in aquatic environments is poorly known. Here, we analyzed 33 steroids,
including estrogens, androgens, progestins, and glucocorticoids, in
hospital wastewaters, river water, and municipal wastewater treatment
plant (WTP) influents and effluents at different sites in Switzerland.
In addition, wastewater from different treatment steps of two WTPs
with advanced treatment, such as ozonation or pulverized activated
carbon, were analyzed to study the steroid’s behavior during
treatment. Considerable levels of different steroids occurred in hospital
and raw municipal wastewater, but they were low (lower than 1 ng/L)
or below the detection level in effluents of WTPs and river water.
In WTP influents, estrogens (estrone, 17β-estradiol, and estriol),
androgens (androstenedione, androsterone, <i>trans</i>-androsterone,
and testosterone), progestins and metabolites (progesterone, medroxyprogesterone
acetate, megestrol acetate, mifepristone, pregnanediol, 17α-hydroxypregnanolone,
17α-hydroxyprogesterone, and 21α-hydroxyprogesterone)
were detected and removed effectively during biological treatment.
Ozonation further removed the steroids. Exposure of zebrafish embryos
demonstrated negligible effects of pregnanediol and 17α-hydroxypregnanolone,
while mixtures that mimic wastewater and river water composition affected
embryo development and led to the alteration of steroidogenesis gene
transcripts at nanogram per liter concentrations. Although steroid
concentrations are low in Swiss rivers, the possibility of additive
effects may be of concern
Additional file 1: of EHD1 confers resistance to cisplatin in non-small cell lung cancer by regulating intracellular cisplatin concentrations
The relationship between the cisplatin peak area and concentration was linear and characterized by a correlation coefficient of 0.998. (JPG 200 kb
Additional file 2: of EHD1 confers resistance to cisplatin in non-small cell lung cancer by regulating intracellular cisplatin concentrations
Intra-day precision and Inter-day precision. CDDP was added to a blank cellular lysate, and the level of CDDP was monitored. The statistical analysis of the data revealed the recovery of CDDP from cellular lysates and the relative standard deviation of the assay. (PDF 52 kb
Modulation of Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced Toxic Effects in Japanese Medaka (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>) by 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether
Because polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polybrominated
diphenylethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous and coexist in the environment
and in wildlife, there are potential interactions between them that
could cause toxic effects. In this study, the modulating effects of
2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE47) and benzoÂ[a]Âpyrene
(BaP)-induced reproductive and developmental toxic effects in Japanese
medaka (Oryzias latipes) were investigated
by exposing adult Japanese medaka to BaP alone, BDE47 alone, and coexposing
them with both BaP and BDE47 at different concentrations, respectively.
Exposure to BaP alone significantly suppressed fecundity and egg protein
content and markedly induced skeletal deformation in F1 generation
eleutheroembryos. BDE47 significantly recovered reproductive functions,
fecundity, and egg protein content, suppressed by BaP when the concentration
of BDE47 increased to 0.44 μg/L. Such effects can be at least
partly explained by the decreased BaP levels in the coexposure groups
and the accompanying increase in the circulating level of 17β-estradiol
in female medaka fish. The prevalence of skeletal deformations markedly
increased to 19.3 ± 2.4% and 16.0 ± 1.6% in fish coexposed
to BaP and BDE47 at 0.44 and 2.58 μg/L compared with that of
fish exposed to 1.21 μg/L BaP alone (9.7 ± 1.7%), and the
impacts on male medaka fish in the coexposure groups would be the
crucial reason leading to these effects. Considering that the measured
water concentrations of BaP and BDE47 in the present study were comparable
with those reported in rivers and harbors, BaP and BDE47 contamination
in the real world would have a significant level of interactive effects
on wild fish
Biosensor Medaka for Monitoring Intersex Caused by Estrogenic Chemicals
Estrogenic
chemicals can induce intersex in fish species leading
to disturbance of spermatogenesis and impairment of reproductive success.
To overcome the shortcomings of conventional histopathological observation
on intersex (low sensitivity, relatively poor accuracy, long experimental
periods, as well as laborious and time-consuming), we generated a
pMOSP1-EGFP transgenic medaka fish model. In this transgenic fish,
the green fluorescence protein (GFP) reporter gene was derived by
the regulatory elements of the OSP1 gene, which is a specific and
sensitive molecular biomarker for indicating intersex occurrence in
male medaka fish exposed to estrogenic chemicals. The transgenic GFP
was faithfully expressed in ovaries and in testes with intersex, perfectly
mimicking the expression pattern of endogenous OSP1. In intersex testis,
the diameters of primary oocytes which could be distinguished by GFP
fluorescence observation were as small as 10 μm, lower than
that (more than 20 μm) which is observable by histopathology.
Using the novel transgenic medaka fish, intersex was observed after
90-day exposure to 0.75 ng/L 17α-ethinyloestradiol (EE<sub>2</sub>) (0–90 dph), but only at concentrations of at least 1.38
ng/L EE<sub>2</sub> by histopathology. An effectiveness of a short-term
in vivo assay for screening estrogenic chemicals that can monitor
intersex appearance at early sex developmental stage (about 30 dph)
in male medaka fish was also demonstrated by assessing the intersex
induction of EE<sub>2</sub>, 17β-estradiol and 4-nonylphenol.
This newly developed assay provides an enhanced ability for screening
and testing estrogenic chemicals with the potential to induce intersex
and studying their biological impacts
Comprehensive Characterization of Organic Light-Emitting Materials in Breast Milk by Target and Suspect Screening
Organic light-emitting materials (OLEMs) are emerging
contaminants
in the environment and have been detected in various environment samples.
However, limited information is available regarding their contamination
within the human body. Here, we developed a novel QuEChERS (quick,
easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method coupled with triple
quadrupole/high-resolution mass spectrometry to determine OLEMs in
breast milk samples, employing both target and suspect screening strategies.
Our analysis uncovered the presence of seven out of the 39 targeted
OLEMs in breast milk samples, comprising five liquid crystal monomers
and two OLEMs commonly used in organic light-emitting diode displays.
The cumulative concentrations of the seven OLEMs in each breast milk
sample ranged from ND to 1.67 × 103 ng/g lipid weight,
with a mean and median concentration of 78.76 and 0.71 ng/g lipid
weight, respectively, which were higher compared to that of typical
organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated
diphenyl ethers. We calculated the estimated daily intake (EDI) rates
of OLEMs for infants aged 0–12 months, and the mean EDI rates
during lactation were estimated to range from 30.37 to 54.89 ng/kg
bw/day. Employing a suspect screening approach, we additionally identified
66 potential OLEMs, and two of them, cholesteryl hydrogen phthalate
and cholesteryl benzoate, were further confirmed using pure reference
standards. These two substances belong to cholesteric liquid crystal
materials and raise concerns about potential endocrine-disrupting
effects, as indicated by in silico predictive models.
Overall, our present study established a robust method for the identification
of OLEMs in breast milk samples, shedding light on their presence
in the human body. These findings indicate human exposure to OLEMs
that should be further investigated, including their health risks
Comprehensive Characterization of Organic Light-Emitting Materials in Breast Milk by Target and Suspect Screening
Organic light-emitting materials (OLEMs) are emerging
contaminants
in the environment and have been detected in various environment samples.
However, limited information is available regarding their contamination
within the human body. Here, we developed a novel QuEChERS (quick,
easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method coupled with triple
quadrupole/high-resolution mass spectrometry to determine OLEMs in
breast milk samples, employing both target and suspect screening strategies.
Our analysis uncovered the presence of seven out of the 39 targeted
OLEMs in breast milk samples, comprising five liquid crystal monomers
and two OLEMs commonly used in organic light-emitting diode displays.
The cumulative concentrations of the seven OLEMs in each breast milk
sample ranged from ND to 1.67 × 103 ng/g lipid weight,
with a mean and median concentration of 78.76 and 0.71 ng/g lipid
weight, respectively, which were higher compared to that of typical
organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated
diphenyl ethers. We calculated the estimated daily intake (EDI) rates
of OLEMs for infants aged 0–12 months, and the mean EDI rates
during lactation were estimated to range from 30.37 to 54.89 ng/kg
bw/day. Employing a suspect screening approach, we additionally identified
66 potential OLEMs, and two of them, cholesteryl hydrogen phthalate
and cholesteryl benzoate, were further confirmed using pure reference
standards. These two substances belong to cholesteric liquid crystal
materials and raise concerns about potential endocrine-disrupting
effects, as indicated by in silico predictive models.
Overall, our present study established a robust method for the identification
of OLEMs in breast milk samples, shedding light on their presence
in the human body. These findings indicate human exposure to OLEMs
that should be further investigated, including their health risks