A sample trial procedure at encoding and retrieval (i.e., recognition task) within each context memory block.

<p>The cue word presented above the picture during encoding was either “DAILY LIFE” or “INDEPENDENT” (half-half) in the I/D block; whereas the cue word was either “DAILY LIFE” or “RELATIONAL” (half-half) in the R/D block. The encoding task was self-paced in that each stimulus stayed until a response was given.</p

Item Memory Performance.

<p><i>Note.</i> Each cell provides mean score, with standard deviation in parenthesis. I = Independent items; R = Relational items; DI = Daily Life items in the Independent block; DR = Daily Life items in the Relational block.</p

Manhattan plots of QTL for aluminum toxicity tolerance in the whole genome.

<p>Significant SNPs from different conditions are displayed in different colors: control is green, aluminum stress is grey, the ratio of stress to control is red. The associated traits are represented by different symbols: shoot height = triangle up, root length = triangle down, shoot fresh weight = ×, shoot dry weight = square, root dry weight = circle, shoot water content = star.</p

Validation of the major QTL for Al toxicity tolerance by linkage analysis with 11 KASP SNP markers (a), genotype of 93 extremely Al toxicity tolerance (b) and sensitive (c) individuals by SNP1661173, the last three sites were NTC, PR and PS.

<p>Validation of the major QTL for Al toxicity tolerance by linkage analysis with 11 KASP SNP markers (a), genotype of 93 extremely Al toxicity tolerance (b) and sensitive (c) individuals by SNP1661173, the last three sites were NTC, PR and PS.</p

Haplotype analysis in the region of <i>Nrat1</i>.

<p>(a) Haplotypes of <i>Nrat1</i> observed in 327 accessions using 32M SNP data. (b) The performance of root ratio between Al stress to control condition in seven haplotypes.</p

QTL identified with significant association to Al toxicity tolerance related traits.

<p>QTL identified with significant association to Al toxicity tolerance related traits.</p

Manhattan plot of important QTL and haplotype analysis of candidate genes related to QTL including <i>qSh1</i> (a), <i>qSh7</i> (b), <i>qSdw2</i> (c), <i>qSdw3a</i> (d), <i>qSdw5</i> (e), <i>qSwc3</i> (f) and <i>qSwc8</i> (g).

<p>Each point was a gene in the region of the QTL. Line and histogram in different colors indicated different conditions: green is control condition, grey is Al stress condition and red is the ratio of the stress to control conditions. Dash line showed the threshold to determine candidate genes. The ** and *** suggested significance of ANOVA at p < 0.01and p < 0.001, respectively. The letter on histogram (a and b) indicated multiple comparisons result at the significant level 0.01. The value in brackets was the number of individuals for each haplotype.</p

Performance of the two parents and F₂ population after treatment of Al stress.

<p>(a) Phenotypic difference of two parents under control and Al stress conditions. (b-c) Frequency distribution of root length (RL) and shoot height (SH) in the F₂ population derived from the two parents under Al stress condition.</p

Box plot of six measured traits for 211 <i>indica</i> accessions under normal and Al stress conditions.

<p>CK, control condition; Al, Al stress condition; SH, shoot height; RL, root length; SFW, shoot fresh weight; SDW, shoot dry weight; RDW, root dry weight; SWC, shoot water content. *** indicated significance of ANOVA at p < 0.001.</p

Variation tendency of SNP index (a-b) and ΔSNP index (c) between BR and BS along the genome.

<p>Variation tendency of SNP index (a-b) and ΔSNP index (c) between BR and BS along the genome.</p