Contribution of Type Ia and Type II Supernovae for Intra-Cluster Medium Enrichment

The origin of the chemical composition of the intracluster medium (ICM) is discussed in this paper. In particular, the contribution from Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) to the ICM enrichment is shown to exist by adopting the fitting formulas which have been used in the analysis of the solar system abundances. Our analysis means that we can use the frequency of SNe Ia relative to SNe II as the better measure than $M_{Fe, SN Ia}/M_{Fe, total}$ for estimating the contribution of SNe Ia. Moreover, the chemical compositions of ICMs are shown to be similar to that of the solar system abundances. We can also reproduce the sulfur/iron abundance ratio within a factor of 2, which means that the abundance problem of sulfur needs not to be emphasized too strongly. We need more precise observations to conclude whether ICMs really suffer the shortage problem of sulfur or not.Comment: 20 pages, LaTeX text and 15 postscript figures. Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journa

Variations on Supersymmetry Breaking and Neutrino Spectra

The problem of generating light neutrinos within supersymmetric models is discussed. It is shown that the hierarchy of scales induced by supersymmetry breaking can give rise to suppression factors of the correct order of magnitude to produce experimentally allowed neutrino spectra.Comment: 18 pages, LaTeX, Contribution to "Neutrino Workshop", Fuji-Yoshida, Japan, August 200

Higgs potential in S_3 invariant model for quark/lepton mass and mixing

We analyzed the S_3 invariant Higgs potential with S_3 singlet and doublet Higgs. We obtained a relation (|v_1|/|v_2|)^2=-sin2phi_2/sin2phi_1 from this S_3 invariant Higgs potential, where v_1, v_2 and phi_1, phi_2 are vacuum pectation values and phases of S_3 doublet Higgs, respectively. This relation could be satisfied exactly by the results |v_1|/ |v_2|=0.207, phi_1=-74.9deg and phi_2=0.74deg obtained from the previous our work analyzing the quark/lepton mass and mixing in S_3 invariant Yukawa interaction. Furthermore, the relation v_S ~ v_D=sqrt{|v_1|^2+|v_2|^2}=174GeV is obtained and then the coupling strength of Higgs to top quark g_{H_Stt}=m_t/v_S is altered as by a factor sqrt{2} from the standard value. Introduced the S_3 doublet Higgs, FCNC are produced in tree level. Predicted branching ratios for rare decays mu^- to e^-e^+e^-, K^0_L to mu^+\mu^- etc., induced by the FCNC are sufficiently below the present experimental upper bounds.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figure

R-invariant New Inflation Model vs Supersymmetric Standard Model

We revisit the implications of the R-invariant New Inflation model to the supersymmetric standard model in light of recent discussion of gravitino production processes by the decay of the inflaton or the supersymmetry breaking field. We show that the models with supergravity mediation do not go well with the R-invariant New Inflation model, where the gravitino abundance produced by the decay of the inflaton or the supersymmetry breaking field significantly exceeds the bounds from cosmological observations without fine-tuning. We also show that the models with gauge mediation can go together with R-invariant New Inflation model, where the dark matter and the baryon asymmetry are consistently explained without severe fine-tuning.Comment: 19 pages, 3 figure

Inverted Hybrid Inflation as a solution to gravitino problems in Gravity Mediation

It was recently found that the decay of inflaton and the SUSY breaking field produces many gravitinos in the gravity mediation scenario. These discoveries led to an exclusion of many inflation models such as chaotic, (smooth) hybrid, topological and new inflation models. Under these circumstances we searched for a successful inflation model and found that the ``inverted'' hybrid inflation models can solve the gravitino overproduction problem by their distinctive shape of the potential. Furthermore, we found that this inflation model simultaneously can explain the observed baryon asymmetry through the non-thermal leptogenesis and is consistent with the WMAP results, that is, $n_s=0.951^{+0.015}_{-0.019}$ and the negligible tensor to scalar ratio.Comment: 23 pages, 2 figures in

Minimal Supergravity, Inflation, and All That

We consider an inflationary model in the hidden-sector broken supergravity with an effectively large cutoff. The inflaton decay into right-handed neutrinos naturally causes the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe with a reheating temperature low enough to avoid the gravitino overproduction. We emphasize that all the phenomenological requirements from cosmology and particle physics are satisfied in the large-cutoff theory.Comment: 15pages, 4figures, text and refs. adde

On Myosin II dynamics in the presence of external loads

We address the controversial hot question concerning the validity of the loose coupling versus the lever-arm theories in the actomyosin dynamics by re-interpreting and extending the phenomenological washboard potential model proposed by some of us in a previous paper. In this new model a Brownian motion harnessing thermal energy is assumed to co-exist with the deterministic swing of the lever-arm, to yield an excellent fit of the set of data obtained by some of us on the sliding of Myosin II heads on immobilized actin filaments under various load conditions. Our theoretical arguments are complemented by accurate numerical simulations, and the robustness of the model is tested via different choices of parameters and potential profiles.Comment: 6 figures, 8 tables, to appear on Biosystem

Gauged Discrete Symmetries and Proton Stability

We discuss the results of a search for anomaly free Abelian Z_N discrete symmetries that lead to automatic R-parity conservation and prevents dangerous higher-dimensional proton decay operators in simple extensions of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model (MSSM) based on the left-right symmetric group, the Pati-Salam group and SO(10). We require that the superpotential for the models have enough structures to be able to give correct symmetry breaking to MSSM and potentially realistic fermion masses. We find viable models in each of the extensions and for all the cases, anomaly freedom of the discrete symmetry restricts the number of generations.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures; v2 : typos fixed, references adde