23,185 research outputs found
Explanation to the Problem of the Naturalness measurements
The sensitivity parameter is widely used in measuring the severity of
fine-tuning, while many examples show it doesn't work under certain
circumstances. The validity of the sensitivity is in question. We argue that
the dimensional effect is the reason why it fails in those scenarios. To
guarantee the sensitivity parameter correctly reflects the severity of
fine-tuning, it should be avoided to use under these specific circumstances.Comment: 7 page
Problems of the Sensitivity Parameter and Its Relation to the Time-varying Fundamental Couplings Problems
The sensitivity parameter is widely used for quantifying fine tuning.
However, examples show it fails to give correct results under certain
circumstances. We argue that these problems only occur when calculating the
sensitivity of a dimensionful mass parameter at one energy scale to the
variation of a dimensionless coupling constant at another energy scale. Thus,
by mechanisms such as dynamical symmetry breaking etc, the high sensitivity of
the energy scale parameter (\Lambda) to the dimensionless coupling constant can
affect the reliability of the sensitivity parameter through the renormalization
invariant factor of the dimensionful parameter. Theoretically, These phenomena
are similar to the problems associated with the time-varying coupling constant
discovered recently. We argue that, the reliability of the sensitivity
parameter can be improved if it is used properly.Comment: 6 page
th power residue chains of global fields
In 1974, Vegh proved that if is a prime and a positive integer, there
is an term permutation chain of th power residue for infinitely many
primes [E.Vegh, th power residue chains, J.Number Theory, 9(1977), 179-181].
In fact, his proof showed that is an term permutation
chain of th power residue for infinitely many primes. In this paper, we
prove that for any "possible" term sequence , there are
infinitely many primes making it an term permutation chain of th
power residue modulo , where is an arbitrary positive integer [See
Theorem 1.2]. From our result, we see that Vegh's theorem holds for any
positive integer , not only for prime numbers. In fact, we prove our result
in more generality where the integer ring is replaced by any -integer
ring of global fields (i.e. algebraic number fields or algebraic function
fields over finite fields).Comment: 4 page
On a uniformly distributed phenomenon in matrix groups
We show that a classical uniformly distributed phenomenon for an element and
its inverse in ( also exists in
. A analogy
of the uniform distribution on modular hyperbolas has also been considered.Comment: 11 page
Cross-domain Semantic Parsing via Paraphrasing
Existing studies on semantic parsing mainly focus on the in-domain setting.
We formulate cross-domain semantic parsing as a domain adaptation problem:
train a semantic parser on some source domains and then adapt it to the target
domain. Due to the diversity of logical forms in different domains, this
problem presents unique and intriguing challenges. By converting logical forms
into canonical utterances in natural language, we reduce semantic parsing to
paraphrasing, and develop an attentive sequence-to-sequence paraphrase model
that is general and flexible to adapt to different domains. We discover two
problems, small micro variance and large macro variance, of pre-trained word
embeddings that hinder their direct use in neural networks, and propose
standardization techniques as a remedy. On the popular Overnight dataset, which
contains eight domains, we show that both cross-domain training and
standardized pre-trained word embeddings can bring significant improvement.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, accepted by EMNLP201
The genus fields of Artin-Schreier extensions
Let be a power of a prime number . Let be the
rational function field with constant field . Let
be an Artin-Schreier extension of . In this paper, we explicitly describe
the ambiguous ideal classes and the genus field of . Using these results we
study the -part of the ideal class group of the integral closure of
in . And we also give an analogy of
Rdei-Reichardt's formulae for .Comment: 9 pages, Corrected typo
Weak KAM theorem for Hamilton-Jacobi equations
In this paper, we generalize weak KAM theorem from positive Lagrangian
systems to "proper" Hamilton-Jacobi equations.
We introduce an implicitly defined solution semigroup of evolutionary
Hamilton-Jacobi equations. By exploring the properties of the solution
semigroup, we prove the convergence of solution semigroup and existence of weak
KAM solutions for stationary equations: \begin{equation*} H(x, u, d_x u)=0.
\end{equation*}Comment: 31 page
On the exact degree of multi-cyclic extension of
Let be a power of a prime number , be the
rational function field over finite field and be a
multi-cyclic extension of prime degree. In this paper we will give an exact
formula for the degree of over by considering both Kummer and
Artin-Schreier cases.Comment: Notice that this paper will not be published. We put it on the arXiv,
since we hope that some character sums estimations over
in Sections 2 and 3 of this paper may be useful for someone in the futur
On Menon-Sury's identity with several Dirichlet characters
The Menon-Sury's identity is as follows: \begin{equation*} \sum_{\substack{1
\leq a, b_1, b_2, \ldots, b_r \leq n\\\mathrm{gcd}(a,n)=1}}
\mathrm{gcd}(a-1,b_1, b_2, \ldots, b_r,n)=\varphi(n) \sigma_r(n),
\end{equation*} where is Euler's totient function and
. Recently, Li, Hu and Kim \cite{L-K} extended
the above identity to a multi-variable case with a Dirichlet character, that
is, they proved
\begin{equation*} \sum_{\substack{a\in\Bbb Z_n^\ast \\ b_1, \ldots,
b_r\in\Bbb Z_n}} \mathrm{gcd}(a-1,b_1, b_2, \ldots,
b_r,n)\chi(a)=\varphi(n)\sigma_r{\left(\frac{n}{d}\right)}, \end{equation*}
where is a Dirichlet character modulo and is the conductor of
.
In this paper, we explicitly compute the sum
\begin{equation*}\sum_{\substack{a_1, \ldots, a_s\in\Bbb Z_n^\ast \\ b_1, ...,
b_r\in\Bbb Z_n}}\gcd(a_1-1, \ldots, a_s-1,b_1, \ldots, b_r, n)\chi_{1}(a_1)
\cdots \chi_{s}(a_s).\end{equation*} where are
Dirichlet characters mod with conductor . A special but common case of
our main result reads like this : \begin{equation*}\sum_{\substack{a_1, \ldots,
a_s\in\Bbb Z_n^\ast \\ b_1, ..., b_r\in\Bbb Z_n}}\gcd(a_1-1, \ldots, a_s-1,b_1,
\ldots, b_r, n)\chi_{1}(a_1) \cdots
\chi_{s}(a_s)=\varphi(n)\sigma_{s+r-1}\left(\frac{n}{d}\right)\end{equation*}
if and have exactly the same prime factors, where is the least common multiple of . Our
result generalizes the above Menon-Sury's identity and Li-Hu-Kim's identity.Comment: 12 page
Inter-Block Permuted Turbo Codes
The structure and size of the interleaver used in a turbo code critically
affect the distance spectrum and the covariance property of a component
decoder's information input and soft output. This paper introduces a new class
of interleavers, the inter-block permutation (IBP) interleavers, that can be
build on any existing "good" block-wise interleaver by simply adding an IBP
stage. The IBP interleavers reduce the above-mentioned correlation and increase
the effective interleaving size. The increased effective interleaving size
improves the distance spectrum while the reduced covariance enhances the
iterative decoder's performance. Moreover, the structure of the
IBP(-interleaved) turbo codes (IBPTC) is naturally fit for high rate
applications that necessitate parallel decoding.
We present some useful bounds and constraints associated with the IBPTC that
can be used as design guidelines. The corresponding codeword weight upper
bounds for weight-2 and weight-4 input sequences are derived. Based on some of
the design guidelines, we propose a simple IBP algorithm and show that the
associated IBPTC yields 0.3 to 1.2 dB performance gain, or equivalently, an
IBPTC renders the same performance with a much reduced interleaving delay. The
EXIT and covariance behaviors provide another numerical proof of the
superiority of the proposed IBPTC.Comment: 44 pages, 17 figure
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