Meta-analysis of clinical randomized controlled trials comparing ReZOOM with ReSTOR multifocal intraocular lenses in cataract surgery

AIM: To systematic review the effectiveness of refractive multifocal intraocular lens(MIOL)ReZOOM <i>vs</i> diffractive MIOL ReSTOR in the treatment of cataract.<p>METHODS: Randomized controlled trials comparing refractive MIOL ReZOOM with diffractive MIOL ReSTOR were identified by searching CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMbase, WANFANG MED ONLINE, CMJD, SinoMed, and CNKI. Related journals also were hand-searched. Methodological quality of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)was evaluated by simple evaluate method that recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. Data extracted by two reviewers with designed extraction form. RevMan software(release 5.2)was used for data management and analysis.<p>RESULTS:A total of 7 trials(846 eyes)were included for systematic review. Subgroup analyses were used according to different model comparison of ReSTOR MIOL. The results showed a significant difference in the mean of the best distance corrected intermediate visual acuity(BDCIVA)in the ReZOOM MIOL group with WMD= -0.11, 95% <i>CI</i>(-0.16, -0.06)(<i>P</i><0.0001). It showed a significantly difference in the mean of the uncorrected near visual acuity(UCNVA), complete spectacle independent rate, halo rate and glare rate in the ReSTOR MIOL group with WMD= 0.09, 95% <i>CI</i>(0.05, 0.14)(<i>P</i><0.00001), WMD= 2.62, 95%<i>CI</i>(1.76, 3.91)(<i>P</i><0.00001), WMD=1.35, 95% <i>CI</i>(1.15, 1.60)(<i>P</i>=0.0004)and WMD= 1.29, 95% <i>CI</i>(1.09, 1.53)(<i>P</i>=0.003). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the mean of the uncorrected distance visual acuity(UCDVA), the uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(UCIVA), the best corrected distance visual acuity(BCDVA)and the best distance corrected near visual acuity(BDCNVA)with WMD -0.03, 95% <i>CI</i>(-0.06, 0.01)(<i>P</i>=0.15), WMD= -0.04, 95% <i>CI</i>(-0.09, 0.01)(<i>P</i>=0.10), WMD= -0.01, 95%<i>CI</i>(-0.04, 0.02)(<i>P</i>=0.55)and WMD= 0.06, 95% <i>CI</i>(-0.06, 0.17)(<i>P</i>=0.32). <p>CONCLUSION: Patients implanted with ReZOOM MIOL can provide better BDCIVA; patients implanted with ReSTOR MIOL show better UCNVA, are less likely to appear light halo, glare and other visual adverse reactions; correction in spectacles cases, patients implanted with ReZOOM or ReSTOR MIOL have considerable performances in the far and near visual acuity

Divergent and Stereoselective Synthesis of β-Silyl-α-Amino Acids through Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Silylation of Unactivated Primary and Secondary C−H Bonds

A general and practical Pd^(II)-catalyzed intermolecular silylation of primary and secondary C−H bonds of α-amino acids and simple aliphatic acids is reported. This method provides divergent and stereoselective access to a variety of optical pure β-silyl-α-amino acids, which are useful for genetic technologies and proteomics. It can also be readily performed on a gram scale and the auxiliary can be easily removed with retention of configuration. The synthetic importance of this method is further demonstrated by the late-stage functionalization of biological small molecules, such as (−)-santonin and β-cholic acid. Moreover, several key palladacycles were successfully isolated and characterized to elucidate the mechanism of this β−C(sp^3)-H silylation process

Clinical observation on the reconstruction of large areas lower eyelid defect with Medpor spacer graft

AIM: To observe the effects of porous polyethylene(Medpor)as a spacer graft in the reconstruction of large areas eyelid defect after the operation of malignant tumors of lower eyelids.<p>METHODS: Nineteen cases(19 eyes)of malignant tumors of lower eyelid underwent the eyelid reconstruction were selected. Medpor lower eyelid inserts implantation were used to replace tarsal joint sliding conjunctival flap and pedicle flap, and repaired full-thickness lower eyelid defects then underwent eyelid reconstruction. <p>RESULTS: Appearance of eyelids and functional improvements were satisfactory with no stimulation on the eyeball and no effect on the visual function. Implants is with no absorption, shift, exclusion or infection and no tumor recurrence in all cases during the follow up for 6-36mo.<p>CONCLUSION: Medpor lower eyelid inserts implantation can instead tarsal plate for the reconstruction of medium to large areas lower eyelid defect, which is easy performing with rare complications. It is an ideal alternatives of tarsal plate

Highly efficient in vitro adventitious shoot regeneration of Adenosma glutinosum (Linn.) Druce using leaf explants

Adenosma glutinosum (Linn.) Druce is an important aromatic plant, but no information is available regarding its regeneration, callus induction and proliferation from leaf explants. In this study, an in vitro shoot regeneration procedure was developed for native A. glutinosum using leaf explants. Callus induction and shoots regeneration from leaf explants was evaluated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Callus induction in all 16 treatments exceeded 95%, and the highest adventitious shoot number per callus (7.22 shoots per explant) was obtained when leaf explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg• L-1 6-BA, 0.1 mg• L-1 NAA, 3% sucrose and 0.72% agar. The highest shoots strengthening were obtained when adventitious buds were cultured on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.3 mg• L-1 NAA, 3% sucrose, 1.0 g• L-1 active carbon and 0.72% agar. The highest total root number (45.2) and root length (43.3 cm) were obtained when adventitious buds were cultured on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.0 mg• L-1 NAA, 3% sucrose, 1.0 g L−1 active carbon and 0.72% agar, while the highest total root surface area (4.1 cm2) and total root volume (114.1 mm3) were obtained when adventitious buds were cultured on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg• L-1 NAA, 3% sucrose, 1.0 g• L-1 active carbon and 0.72% agar. The efficient plant regeneration system developed here will be helpful for rapid micropropagation and further genetic improvement in A. glutinosum. Keywords: Adenoma glutinous, plant growth regulator, plant regenerationAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(29), pp. 7542-7548, 10 April, 201

High Throughput Sequencing Identifies MicroRNAs Mediating α-Synuclein Toxicity by Targeting Neuroactive-Ligand Receptor Interaction Pathway in Early Stage of Drosophila Parkinson\u27s Disease Model.

Parkinson\u27s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder with pathological features including death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and intraneuronal accumulations of Lewy bodies. As the main component of Lewy bodies, α-synuclein is implicated in PD pathogenesis by aggregation into insoluble filaments. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying α-synuclein induced neurotoxicity in PD are still elusive. MicroRNAs are ~20nt small RNA molecules that fine-tune gene expression at posttranscriptional level. A plethora of miRNAs have been found to be dysregulated in the brain and blood cells of PD patients. Nevertheless, the detailed mechanisms and their in vivo functions in PD still need further investigation. By using Drosophila PD model expressing α-synuclein A30P, we examined brain miRNA expression with high-throughput small RNA sequencing technology. We found that five miRNAs (dme-miR-133-3p, dme-miR-137-3p, dme-miR-13b-3p, dme-miR-932-5p, dme-miR-1008-5p) were upregulated in PD flies. Among them, miR-13b, miR-133, miR-137 are brain enriched and highly conserved from Drosophila to humans. KEGG pathway analysis using DIANA miR-Path demonstrated that neuroactive-ligand receptor interaction pathway was most likely affected by these miRNAs. Interestingly, miR-137 was predicted to regulate most of the identified targets in this pathway, including dopamine receptor (DopR, D2R), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor (GABA-B-R1, GABA-B-R3) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (Nmdar2). The validation experiments showed that the expression of miR-137 and its targets was negatively correlated in PD flies. Further experiments using luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-137 could act on specific sites in 3\u27 UTR region of D2R, Nmdar2 and GABA-B-R3, which downregulated significantly in PD flies. Collectively, our findings indicate that α-synuclein could induce the dysregulation of miRNAs, which target neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway in vivo. We believe it will help us further understand the contribution of miRNAs to α-synuclein neurotoxicity and provide new insights into the pathogenesis driving PD

Source attack of decoy-state quantum key distribution using phase information

Quantum key distribution (QKD) utilizes the laws of quantum mechanics to achieve information-theoretically secure key generation. This field is now approaching the stage of commercialization, but many practical QKD systems still suffer from security loopholes due to imperfect devices. In fact, practical attacks have successfully been demonstrated. Fortunately, most of them only exploit detection-side loopholes which are now closed by the recent idea of measurement-device-independent QKD. On the other hand, little attention is paid to the source which may still leave QKD systems insecure. In this work, we propose and demonstrate an attack that exploits a source-side loophole existing in qubit-based QKD systems using a weak coherent state source and decoy states. Specifically, by implementing a linear-optics unambiguous-state-discrimination measurement, we show that the security of a system without phase randomization --- which is a step assumed in conventional security analyses but sometimes neglected in practice --- can be compromised. We conclude that implementing phase randomization is essential to the security of decoy-state QKD systems under current security analyses.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure

Classification of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B by SELDI-Based ProteinChip Analysis

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome, also called ZHENG, is the basis concept of TCM theory. It plays an important role in TCM practice. There are excess and deficiency syndromes in TCM syndrome. They are the common syndromes in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Here we aim to explore serum protein profiles and potential biomarkers for classification of TCM syndromes in CHB patients. 24 healthy controls and two cohorts of CHB patients of excess syndrome (n = 25) or deficiency syndrome (n = 19) were involved in this study. Protein profiles were obtained by surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF/MS) and multiple analyses were performed. Based on SELDI ProteinChip data, healthy controls and CHB patients or excess and deficiency syndromes in CHB patients were obviously differentiated by orthogonal partial least square (OPLS) analysis. Two significant serum proteins (m/z 4187 and m/z 5032) for classifying excess and deficiency syndromes were found. Moreover, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.887 for classifying excess and nonexcess syndrome, and 0.700 for classifying deficiency and nondeficiency syndrome, respectively. Therefore, the present study provided the possibility of TCM syndrome classification in CHB patients using a universally acceptable scientific approach