K13 blocks KSHV lytic replication and deregulates vIL6 nad hIL6 expression: A model of lytic replication induced clonal selection in viral oncogenesis

Background. Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulated expression of lytic genes plays an important role in KSHV (Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus) tumorigenesis. However, the molecular events leading to the dysregulation of KSHV lytic gene expression program are incompletely understood. Methodoloxy/Principal Findings. We have studied the effect of KSHV-encoded latent protein vFLIP K13, a potent activator of the NF-κB pathway, on lytic reactivation of the virus. We demonstrate that K13 antagonizes RTA, the KSHV lytic-regulator, and effectively blocks the expression of lytic proteins, production of infectious virions and death of the infected cells. Induction of lytic replication selects for clones with increased K13 expression and NF-κB activity, while siRNA-mediated silencing of K13 induces the expression of lytic genes. However, the suppressive effect of K13 on RTA-induced lytic genes is not uniform and it falls to block RTA-induced viral IL6 secretion and cooperates with RTA to enhance cellular IL-6 production, thereby dysregulating the lytic gene expression program. Conclusions/Significance. Our results support a model in which ongoing KSHV, lytic replication selects for clones with progressively higher levels of K13 expression and NF-κB activity, which in turn drive KSHV tumorigenesis by not only directly stimulating cellular survival and proliferation, but also indirectly by dysregulating the viral lytic gene program and allowing non-lytic production of growth-promoting viral and cellular genes. Lytic Replication-Induced Clonal Selection (LyRICS) may represent a general mechanism in viral oncogenesis. 2007 Zhao et al

Designing and Manufacturing of Industrial Robots with Dual-Angle Sensors Taking into Account Vibration Signal Fusion

Industrial robots are an important way to realize the development of industrial industry intelligence and automation, an important driving force to accelerate the construction of Industry 4.0, and an important basic force to improve the professional level of industrial industry. The development of industrial robot technology has enhanced the requirements of its detection quality and the demand for data comprehensiveness. Most of the previous robots obtain the corresponding data through a single sensor system, which has a large error and a high limitation of the range of data obtained. The detection method of industrial robots has the problems of high cost and high professionalism. Therefore, this paper constructs a dual-angle sensor industrial robot detection system based on the fusion of multisource vibration signals and achieves the fusion of multisensor signals through Kalman filtering to provide reliable analysis data for the dual-angle sensor detection system. The experimental results show that Kalman filtering can effectively remove noise while preserving the original vibration signal characteristics and structure and improve the reliability and validity of the vibration signal. In addition, the dual-angle sensor detection system can realize the position detection of industrial robots according to the command standard and obtain the corresponding residual and standard values through system data analysis. The overall optimization of the system algorithm enhances the accuracy and reliability of the measurement

Investigation of Radiation Effects on FD-SOI Hall Sensors by TCAD Simulations

This work investigates the responses of the fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD-SOI) Hall sensors to the three main types of irradiation ionization effects, including the total ionizing dose (TID), transient dose rate (TDR), and single event transient (SET) effects. Via 3D technology computer aided design (TCAD) simulations with insulator fixed charge, radiation, heavy ion, and galvanomagnetic transport models, the performances of the transient current, Hall voltage, sensitivity, efficiency, and offset voltage have been evaluated. For the TID effect, the Hall voltage and sensitivity of the sensor increase after irradiation, while the efficiency and offset voltage decrease. As for TDR and SET effects, when the energy deposited on the sensor during a nuclear explosion or heavy ion injection is small, the transient Hall voltage of the off-state sensor first decreases and then returns to the initial value. However, if the energy deposition is large, the transient Hall voltage first decreases, then increases to a peak value and decreases to a fixed value. The physical mechanisms that produce different trends in the transient Hall voltage have been analyzed in detail

Improved Ferroelectric Properties in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Thin Films by Microwave Annealing

In the doped hafnia(HfO2)-based films, crystallization annealing is indispensable in forming ferroelectric phases. In this paper, we investigate the annealing effects of TiN/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/TiN metal-ferroelectric-metal (MFM) capacitors by comparing microwave annealing (MWA) and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at the same wafer temperature of 500 °C. The twofold remanent polarization (2Pr) of the MWA device is 63 µC/cm2, surpassing that of the RTA device (40 µC/cm2). Furthermore, the wake-up effect is substantially inhibited in the MWA device. The orthorhombic crystalline phase is observed in the annealed HZO films in the MWA and RTA devices, with a reduced TiN and HZO interdiffusion in MWA devices. Moreover, the MFM capacitors subjected to MWA treatment exhibit a lower leakage current, indicating a decreased defect density. This investigation shows the potential of MWA for application in ferroelectric technology due to the improvement in remanent polarization, wake-up effect, and leakage current

Using geostationary satellite ocean color data to map the diurnal dynamics of suspended particulate matter in coastal waters

National Basic Research Program ("973" Program) of China [2009CB421202]; Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean [200905012]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41271378, 40976110, 41271417]; National High-Tech Research and Development Program ("863" Program) of China [2007AA092201, 2007AA12Z137, 2008AA09Z104]Total suspended particulate matter (TSM) in coastal waters is often characterized by high concentration and significant diurnal dynamics. Insufficient spatial and temporal resolution limits both cruise sampling and polar-orbiting satellite remote sensing in the mapping of TSM diurnal dynamics in coastal regions. However, the in-orbit operation of the world's first geostationary satellite ocean color sensor, GOCI, provides hourly observations of the covered area. In this study, we proposed a practical atmospheric correction algorithm for GOCI data in turbid waters. The validation results showed that the GOCI-retrieved normalized water-leaving radiances matched the in situ values well in both quantity and spectral shapes. We also developed a regional empirical TSM algorithm for GOCI data that is applicable in extremely turbid waters. Based on these atmospheric correction and regional TSM algorithms, we generated hourly TSM maps from GOCI Level-1B data. The diurnal variations derived by GOCI were a good match to the buoy data. The hourly GOCI observations revealed that various regions and tidal phases had different diurnal variation magnitudes, with a maximum of up to 5000 mg/l in central Hangzhou Bay. Strong wind events, such as typhoons, can significantly increase TSM in the bay; however, both the GOCI observations and buoy measurements indicated that this increase was episodic, had a short duration, and returned to normal within a day after the passage of a typhoon. Our results suggest that GOCI can successfully map the diurnal dynamics of TSM in turbid coastal waters. Moreover, the significant diurnal dynamics revealed in the hourly GOCI observations implied that caution should be taken in mapping TSM in coastal waters using cruise sampling and conventional polar-orbiting satellite data, as the temporal resolution is insufficient for catching diurnal variations. (c) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved