Factors Associated with Awareness of Gynecological Cancer Among Turkish Women: A Descriptive and Cross-sectional Study

Objective: This study aimed to determine factors associated with awareness of gynecological cancer among Turkish women. Method: The online descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2020 and April 2021 in Turkey via the snowball sampling technique by sharing an online link among all women between the ages of 20 and 65 years who had no history of gynecologic cancer, at least primary school graduates, who live in Turkey and use smartphones or the internet. The sample size for the study was calculated using G*Power software version 3.1.9.7. The input parameters were a t-test, a small effect size of 0.2, a 5% alpha error probability, and 80% power. The total sample size calculated was 788. The sample of the study consisted of 804 women. The women’s descriptive characteristics form and gynecological cancers awareness scale were used for the study. The descriptive characteristics form was prepared by the researchers based on the literature. This questionnaire consisted of 25 questions that included information about women’s age, education level, family type, number of children, applying regular gynecological examinations, and having knowledge about Pap smear test and cervical cancer. The gynecological cancers awareness scale consisted of 41 items and was a five-point Likert-type scale with four subdimensions. The total score to be obtained from the scale is between 41 and 205 points, and a high score indicates that women’s awareness of gynecological cancer is high. After the relationship between the total and subscale scores and independent variables was evaluated using t-test and ANOVA, the variables were found to be significant, and the total score was tested using multiple regression analysis. Results: In the study, the mean age of the women was found 41.5±10.7, 64.3% had a university education, and 70.0% were employed. The rate of having a Pap smear test was found 66.8% and 34.3% of women had regular annual visits to a gynecologist. The total score on the gynecological cancers awareness scale was high in women aged over 42 years, those with postgraduate education, and those employed. The mean of the total score of the scale was found to be high in women who had an active sexual life, had regular gynecologic examinations, and had a history of pregnancy. All sub-dimension scores and the total score of the scale were determined to be higher in postgraduate education women than in middle school and lower education women. Women who had health insurance, had modern birth control methods, had the Pap smear test and had vulvar self-examination, and had information about Pap smear test and cervical cancer were found to have a high score from all subscales and total scores of the scale. According to the multiple regression analysis, the following were found to be statistically significant factors influencing awareness of gynecological cancer: Education status, using birth control methods, having vulvar self-examination and regular gynecologic examination, having Pap smear test, and having information about cervical cancer. Conclusion: It was determined that women with higher socio-economic status had a high awareness of gynecological cancer

Fear of childbirth and the postpartum period: a scale development and validation study

The aim of the study was identification of women with fear of childbirth and the postpartum period. This crosssectional analytic study was conducted in a primary health care center of Manisa between June 2006 and January 2007. 203 women were included. Data were collected via a questionnaire consisting of two parts. The first part included demographic and reproductive characteristics, the second part was a fear of childbirth and postpartum period questionnaire which had been developed by the researchers. Validity and reliability analysis of the fear of childbirth and postpartum period questionnaire was positive. Factor analysis, primary component analysis and varimax were used for validity. The principle component analysis used for factor analysis with a varimax rotation produced 10 factors. Internal reliability of the questionnaire was determined by the use of the Cronbach coefficient alpha. Statistical package program was used for calculation and analysis of the data. It is important for health practitioners to ask pregnant women about their feelings and fears concerning the current pregnancy, expected childbirth, and postpartum period.Bu çalısmanın amacı, kadınların dogum ve dogum sonrası döneme iliskin endiselerinin belirlenmesidir. Kesitsel ve analitik olarak planlanan bu çalısma Manisa'da bir saglık ocagı bölgesinde yasayan 203 gebe ile Haziran 2006- Ocak 2007 tarihleri arasında gerçeklestirilmistir.Veriler iki bölümden olusan soru formuyla toplanmıstır. Birinci bölüm kadınların sosyo-demografik özelliklerini içeren soru formu, ikinci bölüm arastırmacılar tarafından gelistirilen dogum ve dogum sonrası döneme iliskin endiseler ölçeginden olusmaktadır. Dogum ve dogum sonrası döneme iliskin endiseler ölçeginin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik analizi yapılmıstır. Faktör analizinde varimax rotasyon sonucu 10 faktör elde edilmistir. Geçerlilik analizinde çogul uzman görüsü ve faktör analizi, güvenilirlik analizinde Cronbach alpha bakılmıstır. Istatistiksel paket programı kullanılarak veriler degerlendirilmistir. Saglık çalısanlarının gebe kadınlara gebelik, dogum ve dogum sonrası döneme iliskin endiselerini ve hissettiklerini sorması çok önemlidir

The training needs of Turkish emergency department personnel regarding intimate partner violence

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Violence against females is a widespread public health problem in Turkey and the lifetime prevalence of IPV ranges between 34 and 58.7%. Health care workers (HCW) sometimes have the unique opportunity and obligation to identify, treat, and educate females who are abused. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and experiences of the emergency department (ED) staff regarding intimate partner violence (IPV) at a large university hospital in Turkey.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted in a large university hospital via questionnaire. The study population consisted of all the nurses and physicians who worked in the ED during a two month period (n = 215). The questionnaire response rate was 80.5% (41 nurses and 132 physicians). The main domains of the questionnaire were knowledge regarding the definition of IPV, clinical findings in victims of IPV, legal aspects of IPV, attitudes towards IPV, knowledge about the characteristics of IPV victims and abusers, and professional and personal experiences and training with respect to IPV.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>One-half of the study group were females, 76.3% were physicians, and 89.8% had no training on IPV. The majority of the nurses (89.5%) and physicians (71.1%) declared that they were aware of the clinical appearance of IPV. The mean of the knowledge scores on clinical knowledge were 8.84 ± 1.73 (range, 0–10) for acute conditions, and 4.51 ± 3.32 for chronic conditions. The mean of the knowledge score on legal procedures and the legal rights of the victims was 4.33 ± 1.66 (range, 0–7). At least one reason to justify physical violence was accepted by 69.0% of females and 84.7% of males, but more males than females tended to justify violence (chi square = 5.96; p = 0.015). However, both genders accepted that females who experienced physical violence should seek professional medical help.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The study participants' knowledge about IPV was rather low and a training program is thus necessary on this issue. Attention must be given to the legal aspects and clinical manifestations of IPV. The training program should also include a module on gender roles in order to improve the attitudes towards IPV.</p

15-49 yaş evli kadınların aile içi şiddete ilişkin görüşlerinin ve şiddete maruz kalma durumlarının incelenmesi

242 ÖZET Aile içi şiddet tüm dünyada yaygın bir halk sağlığı sorunu haline gelmiştir. Bu bizim ülkemizde de önemli bir sorundur ve yaptığımız araştırma bunu desteklemektedir. Bu araştırma, 15-49 yaş evli kadınların aile içi şiddete ilişkin görüşlerini belirlemek ve şiddete maruz kalma durumlarını incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada tanımlayıcı, kesitsel teknik kullanılmış, sahada uygulanan an ket çalışması ile desteklenmiştir. Araştırma İzmir İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü'ne bağlı Bornova Sağlık Grup Başkanlığı Bölgesinde Evka 4 Sağlık Ocağı'nın hizmet verdiği bölgede Eylül 2000- Mayıs 2002 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Çalışma Evka 4 Sağlık Ocağı bölgesinde oturan 3218 evli kadını temsil eden 345 kadına uygulanmıştır. Bu kadınlara ait bilgiler sağlık ocağı kayıtlarından elde edilmiştir. Örneklem, olasılıklı örneklem yöntemlerinden biri olan "sistematik örneklem" yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Anket formu dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümünde demografik bilgiler, ikinci bölümde evlilik ve aile yaşamı ile ilgili sorular, üçüncü bölümde ise kadınların şiddete bakış açılan araştırılmıştır. Araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen kadına yönelik şiddeti belirleme ölçeği dördüncü bölümdedir. Araştırmanın iç tutarlılığı (güvenilirlik) için Cronbach alpha katsayısı hesaplanmış ve split half (yarıya bölme) metodu kullanılmıştır. Geçerlilik için çoğul uzman görüşüne dayalı içerik geçerliliği (face validty) ve faktör analizi, varimax rotasyon hesaplanmıştır, ölçek güvenilir ve geçerli bulunmuştur. Verilerin analizlerinde SPPS for Windows 8.0 İstatistik paket programı ve Microsoft Office 1997 programı kullanılmıştır. Sosyo demografik özellikler ile kadına yönelik şiddeti belirleme faktörleri arasındaki ilişkiyi saptamak için Kruskal wallis varyans analizi, Student's t testi, Varyans analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın ileri analizinde Kruskal Wallis varyans analizinde fark hangi gruptan kaynaklandığını belirlemek amacı ile "Bonferroni Düzeltmesi ile Mann- Whitney U testi" uygulanmıştır. Kadına yönelik şiddet belirleme faktörlerinden elde edilen puanlar ile kadının yaşı, ilk evlenme yaşı, evlilik yılı, hanedeki birey sayısı, eşlerine verdikleri puan ve faktörlerin arasında doğrusal anlamlı ilişki Pearson korelasyon analizi ile belirlenmiştir. Kadınların yaşı, eğitim düzeyleri, evlenme yaşı, evlilik süresi, mesleği, erkeklerin yaşlan ve meslek durumları, çocuk sayılan, aile tipi, ailenin gelir düzeyi, hanede yaşayan kişi sayısı, erkeğin alkol alma durumu ve kadının çocukluk döneminde şiddete maruz kalması arasında anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Araştırmadan elde edilen bir başka sonuçta, şiddete243 maruz kalan kadınlarda bazı psikosomatik yakınmaların gözlenmesidir ve 9 şiddet faktörü ile anlamlı sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Bu araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre evli kadınların %37.07'si fiziksel şiddete maruz kalmaktadırlar. Başka bir değişle, her üç kadından biri eşi tarafından dövülmekte ve her beş kadın dan biri hamileliği esnasında dayak yemektedirler. Bu kadınların %41.45'i eşleri tarafından aşağılanmaktadır. Kadınların %60'ının ekonomik güvencesi yoktur. Kadınların %40,58'i eşlerince cinsel ilişkiye zorlanmaktadırlar. %19.72 kadın kendini iyi hissetmediği durumlarda bile eşleri tarafından sekse zorlanmaktadırlar244 SUMMARY Domestic violence is becoming a serious public health problem worldwide. It is also an important problem in our country and our research is supports it. This study was planned to examine the point of view 15-49 of age married women about domestic violence and their exposition to violence. We used definitive, sectional tecniquewhich is supported with qestionnaire method applied in the area. A survey made in Evka 4 Sağlık Ocağı that is connected to Bornova Sağlık Grup Başkanhğı-İzmir İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü between September 2000-May 2002. The study was applied to 345 married women who live in Evka 4 Sağlık Ocağı region which represents the 3218 marred women from this region, the reports of these women were taken from the Sağlık Ocağı that serves to this region. The sample was determined according to "Sistematic sampling methofwhich is one of the probability methots. The questionnaire was four parts. The first part has demographic information, the second part consist information about marriage life, the third partconsist information about point of view of women violence against women. The scale of violence determination against women developed by researcher is in the fourth part. Internal reliability of questionnaire was determined by use of the Cronbach coefficient alpha and split half method. Multiple expert opinion, factor analysis assessed the face validity of the questionnaire. The principle component analysis with a varimax rotation produced nine factors. The results of the validity and reliability analysis were successful. Microsoft Office 7:0 and SPSS for Windows 8:0 software programs were used for calculation and analysis of the data. Kruskal-Wallis Varyans test, Student t-test, Varyans test were used determine the relationships between demografic characteristics and violence against women factors. Man Whitney U test correction with Bonferroni was used to determine the source of differenceof Kruskal-Wallis Varyans analysis. The linear association between the age of women, the marriage age, the duration of the marriage, the number of persons living in the house, the points that the women gave to their husbands and the nine factors was determined bu using Pearson correlation analysis. A significant correlation was established between the age of women, their educational status, jobs, the marriage age, the duartion of marriage, the age of men and their jobs, tjhe number of children, their family type, the income of family, the number of people living in the245 same house, do the man drink, the violence status of the women during their childhood and violence against women during their marriage. Another result of the research was that some psicho somatic complaints were seen in those women. Meaningful results were got between nine violence factors. This research results indicate that 37.07% every maried women were classified as experiencing battering. İn other words, one out of every three women is beaten by her current partner and one women in five women is beaten during their pregnancy. 41.45% of these women are insulted by their partner, 60% these women have no economic guaranty (possesiation, money etc.). 40.58% women are forced to sex by their partner. 19.72% men insist to make love with their partners when they don't feel well

Effect of nursing education on sleep and quality of life among pregnant women with gastroesophageal reflux disease

Objective: This study, which was planned population-based, randomized, and prospective, aims to evaluate the effect of education frequency and severity of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms, on sleep and quality of life among pregnant women with (GERD). Material and Methods: Eighty two pregnant women were randomly divided into two groups; experimental group had education intervention and written material about GERD symptoms management whereas the control group did not receive any intervention beyond standard prenatal care. Results: In the first interview GERD was found in 97.6% of the experimental group and in 90.2% of the control group. In the final interview, GERD was reported by 63.4% of the experimental group versus 97.6% of the control group. Conclusions: The results obtained from our research show that education for pregnant women for management of GERD symptoms was found to decrease symptom frequency and severity and improvement in quality of life and sleep quality.Amaç: Araştırma gastroözofageal reflü hastalığı (GÖRH) olan gebelerde hemşirelik eğitiminin uyku ve yaşam kalitesine etkisini incelemek amacıyla topluma dayalı, müdahale tipi (kontrol gruplu) ve longitudinal bir çalışma olarak planlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: 82 gebe kadın randomize olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Deney grubuna GÖRH semptomlarının yönetimi hakkında eğitim ve bu konuda yazılı materyal verildi, kontrol grubundaki gebelere ise sağlık kurumlarında var olan bakım uygulandı. Bulgular: İlk görüşmede deney grubundaki gebelerin %97.6’sında, kontrol grubunda ise %90.2’sinde GÖRH semptomlarının bulunduğu saptandı. Son görüşmede deney grubundaki gebelerin %63.4’ü, kontrol grubundaki gebelerin %97.6’sında GÖRH semptomları saptandı. Sonuç: Araştırmanın sonuçlarında GÖRH semptomlarının yönetimi hakkında verilen eğitimin semptom sıklığı ve şiddetini azalttığı, yaşam ve uyku kalitesini arttırdığı belirlendi