Improving cyber-physical-power system stability through hardware-in-loop co-simulation platform for real-time cyber attack analysis

With advancements in communication systems and measurement technologies, smart grids have become more observable and controllable, evolving into cyber-physical-power systems (CPPS). The impact of network security and secondary equipment on power system stability has become more evident. To support the existing grid toward a smart grid scenario, smart metering plays a vital role at the customer end side. Cyber-Physical systems are vulnerable to cyber-attacks and various techniques have been evolved to detect a cyber attack in the smart grid. Weighted trust-based models are suggested as one of the most effective security mechanisms. A hardware-in-loop CPPS co-simulation platform is established to facilitate the theoretical study of CPPS and the formulation of grid operation strategies. This paper examines current co-simulation platform schemes and highlights the necessity for a real-time hard-ware-in-the-loop platform to accurately simulate cyber-attack processes. This consideration takes into account the fundamental differences in modeling between power and communication systems. The architecture of the co-simulation platform based on RT-LAB and OPNET is described, including detailed modeling of the power system, communication system, and security and stability control devices. Additionally, an analysis of the latency of the co-simulation is provided. The paper focuses on modeling and implementing methods for addressing DDOS attacks and man-in-the-middle at-tacks in the communication network. The results from simulating a 7-bus system show the effectiveness and rationality of the co-simulation platform that has been designed

A clinical-radiomics nomogram for the prediction of the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with decompensated cirrhosis

ObjectiveTo develop a model that integrates radiomics features and clinical factors to predict upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.Methods104 decompensated cirrhosis patients with UGIB and 104 decompensated cirrhosis patients without UGIB were randomized according to a 7:3 ratio into a training cohort (n = 145) and a validation cohort (n = 63). Radiomics features of the abdominal skeletal muscle area (SMA) were extracted from the cross-sectional image at the largest level of the third lumbar vertebrae (L3) on the abdominal unenhanced multi-detector computer tomography (MDCT) images. Clinical-radiomics nomogram were constructed by combining a radiomics signature (Rad score) with clinical independent risk factors associated with UGIB. Nomogram performance was evaluated in calibration, discrimination, and clinical utility.ResultsThe radiomics signature was built using 11 features. Plasma prothrombin time (PT), sarcopenia, and Rad score were independent predictors of the risk of UGIB in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. The clinical-radiomics nomogram performed well in both the training cohort (AUC, 0.902; 95% CI, 0.850–0.954) and the validation cohort (AUC, 0.858; 95% CI, 0.762–0.953) compared with the clinical factor model and the radiomics model and displayed excellent calibration in the training cohort. Decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated that the predictive efficacy of the clinical-radiomics nomogram model was superior to that of the clinical and radiomics model.ConclusionClinical-radiomics nomogram that combines clinical factors and radiomics features has demonstrated favorable predictive effects in predicting the occurrence of UGIB in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. This helps in early diagnosis and treatment of the disease, warranting further exploration and research

A multifrequency electron spin resonance study of T4 Lysozyme dynamics using the slowly relaxing local structure model

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra were obtained at 250 and 9 GHz for nitroxide-labeled mutants of the protein T4 lysozyme in aqueous solution over a range of temperatures from 2 to 37.5°C. Two mutants labeled at sites 72 and 131 were studied and compared. The mutant sites are solvent exposed and free of tertiary interactions with other side chains, but the former is at the center of a 5 turn helix, whereas the latter site is on a small two and a half turn helix. The 250 GHz ESR spectra, because of their "fast time scale", are rather insensitive to the slow overall tumbling motion of the protein. Thus, they are qualitatively different for the two mutants, implying that there are different local dynamics at the two sites. The 9 GHz spectra, which are significantly affected by the overall tumbling and are less sensitive to the internal dynamics, do not show such marked differences between the two sites. The 250 and 9 GHz spectra for each mutant and temperature were simultaneously fit to the slowly relaxing local structure (SRLS) model for slow-motional ESR, using newly developed software. The SRLS model explicitly accounts for the overall tumbling of the protein and the internal modes of motion, which include the motion of the nitroxide side chain (expected to be the same for both mutants) and backbone fluctuations. Very good simultaneous fits are obtained. Whereas two conformers (or spectral components) are typically detected at the lower temperatures, only a single component is observed at the higher temperatures. The significant differences in the high-frequency spectra for the two mutants are readily attributed mainly to a difference in their respective local ordering. That is, site 72 exhibits significantly greater local ordering than does site 131, which is expected from the greater rigidity of the larger helix on which the 72 site is located. The results of this multifrequency study are compared with a previous 9 GHz study. A description of the application of the SRLS model in such a multifrequency study is provided

Rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease risk prediction in anti-MDA5 positive dermatomyositis: the CROSS model

BackgroundThe prognosis of anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 positive dermatomyositis (anti-MDA5+DM) is poor and heterogeneous. Rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) is these patients’ leading cause of death. We sought to develop prediction models for RP-ILD risk in anti-MDA5+DM patients.MethodsPatients with anti-MDA5+DM were enrolled in two cohorts: 170 patients from the southern region of Jiangsu province (discovery cohort) and 85 patients from the northern region of Jiangsu province (validation cohort). Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify risk factors of RP-ILD. RP-ILD risk prediction models were developed and validated by testing every independent prognostic risk factor derived from the Cox model.ResultsThere are no significant differences in baseline clinical parameters and prognosis between discovery and validation cohorts. Among all 255 anti-MDA5+DM patients, with a median follow-up of 12 months, the incidence of RP-ILD was 36.86%. Using the discovery cohort, four variables were included in the final risk prediction model for RP-ILD: C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, anti-Ro52 antibody positivity, short disease duration, and male sex. A point scoring system was used to classify anti-MDA5+DM patients into moderate, high, and very high risk of RP-ILD. After one-year follow-up, the incidence of RP-ILD in the very high risk group was 71.3% and 85.71%, significantly higher than those in the high-risk group (35.19%, 41.69%) and moderate-risk group (9.54%, 6.67%) in both cohorts.ConclusionsThe CROSS model is an easy-to-use prediction classification system for RP-ILD risk in anti-MDA5+DM patients. It has great application prospect in disease management

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Two Genes Encoding Dihydroflavonol-4-Reductase from Populus trichocarpa

Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR, EC 1.1.1.219) is a rate-limited enzyme in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins and condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins) that catalyzes the reduction of dihydroflavonols to leucoanthocyanins. In this study, two full-length transcripts encoding for PtrDFR1 and PtrDFR2 were isolated from Populus trichocarpa. Sequence alignment of the two PtrDFRs with other known DFRs reveals the homology of these genes. The expression profile of PtrDFRs was investigated in various tissues of P. trichocarpa. To determine their functions, two PtrDFRs were overexpressed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The associated color change in the flowers was observed in all 35S:PtrDFR1 lines, but not in 35S:PtrDFR2 lines. Compared to the wild-type control, a significantly higher accumulation of anthocyanins was detected in transgenic plants harboring the PtrDFR1. Furthermore, overexpressing PtrDFR1 in Chinese white poplar (P. tomentosa Carr.) resulted in a higher accumulation of both anthocyanins and condensed tannins, whereas constitutively expressing PtrDFR2 only improved condensed tannin accumulation, indicating the potential regulation of condensed tannins by PtrDFR2 in the biosynthetic pathway in poplars

Study on the Sustainable Development of Street-stall economy in Smart Tourism Cities in Guizhou Province

The street-stall economy, as part of individual’s ordinary lives, not only embodies urban characteristic culture but also drives informal employment, so it is essential to urban construction. As Guizhou Province, a national smart tourism pilot city, integrating the street-stall economy into the city blueprint is conducive to promoting employment and sustainable development of smart tourism cities in the region. This paper aims at analyzing the current situation of the street-stall economy in tourism cities through a questionnaire survey, and the market situation of the street-stall economy based on Porter’s Five Forces Model in Guizhou province, thus putting forward suggestions for the sustainable development of the street-stall economy in Guizhou’s smart tourism