Research on blank optimization design based on low-carbon and low-cost blank process route optimization model

The optimization of blank design is the key to the implementation of a green innovation strategy. The process of blank design determines more than 80% of resource consumption and environmental emissions during the blank processing. Unfortunately, the traditional blank design method based on function and quality is not suitable for today’s sustainable development concept. In order to solve this problem, a research method of blank design optimization based on a low-carbon and low-cost process route optimization is proposed. Aiming at the processing characteristics of complex box type blank parts, the concept of the workstep element is proposed to represent the characteristics of machining parts, a low-carbon and low-cost multi-objective optimization model is established, and relevant constraints are set up. In addition, an intelligent generation algorithm of a working step chain is proposed, and combined with a particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the optimization model. Finally, the feasibility and practicability of the method are verified by taking the processing of the blank of an emulsion box as an example. The data comparison shows that the comprehensive performance of the low-carbon and low-cost multi-objective optimization is the best, which meets the requirements of low-carbon processing, low-cost, and sustainable production

CD54-NOTCH1 axis controls tumor initiation and cancer stem cell functions in human prostate cancer

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered one of the key contributors to chemoresistance and tumor recurrence. Therefore, the precise identification of reliable CSC markers and clarification of the intracellular signaling involved in CSCs remains a great challenge in fields relating to cancer biology. Here, we implemented a novel chemoresistant prostate cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model in NOD/SCID mice and identified CD54 as a candidate gene among the most highly enriched gene expression profiles in prostate tumors exposed to chronic cisplatin administration. Additional in vitro and in vivo assays showed that CD54 played a critical role in the self-renewal and tumorigenesis of prostate CSCs. Moreover, silencing CD54 greatly reduced the tumorigenesis of prostate cancers both in vitro and in vivo and significantly extended the survival time of tumor-bearing mice in a prostate cancer xenograft model. Dissection of the molecular mechanism revealed that the p38-Notch1 axis was the main downstream signaling pathway in CD54-mediated regulation of CSCs in prostate cancers. Together, these results established that CD54 could be a novel reliable prostate CSC marker and provided a new potential therapeutic target in prostate cancer via CD54-Notch1 signaling

Assessing 62 Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) Breeding Parents in a 12-Year Grafted Clone Test

Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) is one of the major commercial conifer species in China. The present study concentrated on the assessment of growth, wood property traits, and strobili number in a 12-year grafted clone test of 62 Chinese fir breeding parents, aiming to describe the variation and correlations between these traits and to identify parent clones with the highest potential for future breeding. The results indicate that all of the growth (height, diameter at breast height, stem volume, crown-width) and wood property (wood basic density and hygroscopicity) traits varied significantly (p < 0.01) among clones, with coefficients of variation ranging from 7.6% to 30.6%. Furthermore, these traits consistently had a moderate to high (0.39–0.87) repeatability estimate (broad-sense heritability). Remarkable clonal differences were also observed for the production of male and female strobili. Phenotypic correlations among growth traits were strong (p < 0.01) and positive. Significantly negative correlations (p < 0.01 or 0.05) were found between wood basic density and growth (except for height) and hygroscopicity. The production of male and female strobili appeared to be significantly (p < 0.01) positively correlated with each other. A notable number of faster-growing parent clones were identified (n = 30); 11 of these had higher density wood with an average realized gain of 10.5% in diameter, and a 5.4% gain in wood basic density. When selection was made for growth and strobili, 10 faster-growing parent clones with medium to high production of female strobili were identified

Association of SRAP markers with juvenile wood basic density and growth traits in Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook

Application of sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers to unravel variations and relationships with biological and morphological traits has been reported in a variety of plant species, and their potential for breeding has also been highlighted. (1) Assess the diversity level of a Cunninghamia lanceolata (Chinese fir) genetic panel based on phenotypic traits and SRAP markers, (2) identify SRAP loci linked to juvenile wood basic density (JWBD) and growth traits, and (3) address the overlap of the trait-associated SRAP markers during the juvenile and mature stages of this species. A total of 227 Chinese fir genotypes were subjected to phenotype, SRAP genotyping, and marker-trait association analyses. A total of 564 unambiguous SRAP bands and 558 polymorphic loci were identified from the genotypes. The overall percentage of polymorphic bands, polymorphism information content, Nei’s gene diversity, and Shannon’s Information Index were 98.9%, 0.2576, 0.3196 and 0.4838, respectively. An analysis of molecular variance further demonstrated that the genotypes varied significantly at SRAP polymorphisms (p < 0.01). A wide genetic distance span from 0.0531 to 0.9097 was also observed; most (94.9%) fell within the range of 0.3000–0.6999. An association analysis based on general linear model (GLM) and mixed linear model (MLM) unraveled 21, 26, 25, and 19 marker-trait associations for JWBD, height (H), diameter at breast height (DBH, 1.3 m) and stem volume (V), respectively. These marker-trait associations corresponded to 64 different SRAP markers; 46 of these were linked to only one trait, while the other 18 markers appeared to be associated with more than one trait but limited to growth traits. Overall, the SRAP markers represented R2 (percentage of the phenotypic variation explained by marker) values of 1.7–9.2% for the GLM and 1.7–5.6% for the MLM. Strikingly, the significant trait-associated marker list seemed to be rather different from that of the previous study performed on mature traits (WBD, H, DBH and V), except for overlap of two markers. This study demonstrated an association of SRAP markers with JWBD and growth traits in Chinese fir. The results further our understanding of the genetic basis of the Chinese fir WBD and growth traits at the juvenile stage

Characterization of Aerobic Denitrifying Bacterium <em>Pseudomonas mendocina</em> Strain GL6 and Its Potential Application in Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent

To remove nitrate in wastewater treatment plant effluent, an aerobic denitrifier was newly isolated from the surface flow constructed wetland and identified as Pseudomonas mendocina strain GL6. It exhibited efficient aerobic denitrification ability, with the nitrate removal rate of 6.61 mg (N)·L−1·h−1. Sequence amplification indicated that the denitrification genes napA, nirK, norB, and nosZ were present in strain GL6. Nitrogen balance analysis revealed that approximately 74.5% of the initial nitrogen was removed as gas products. In addition, the response surface methodology experiments showed that the maximum removal of total nitrogen occurred at pH 7.76, C/N ratio of 11.2, temperature of 27.8 °C, and with shaking at 133 rpm. Furthermore, under the optimized cultivation condition, strain GL6 was added into wastewater treatment plant effluent and the removal rates of nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen reached 95.6% and 73.6%, respectively. Thus, P. mendocina strain GL6 has high denitrification potential for deep improvement of effluent quality

Comparative physiological, biochemical, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses reveal the formation mechanism of heartwood for Acacia melanoxylon

Abstract Acacia melanoxylon is well known as a valuable commercial tree species owing to its high-quality heartwood (HW) products. However, the metabolism and regulatory mechanism of heartwood during wood development remain largely unclear. In this study, both microscopic observation and content determination proved that total amount of starches decreased and phenolics and flavonoids increased gradually from sapwood (SW) to HW. We also obtained the metabolite profiles of 10 metabolites related to phenolics and flavonoids during HW formation by metabolomics. Additionally, we collected a comprehensive overview of genes associated with the biosynthesis of sugars, terpenoids, phenolics, and flavonoids using RNA-seq. A total of ninety-one genes related to HW formation were identified. The transcripts related to plant hormones, programmed cell death (PCD), and dehydration were increased in transition zone (TZ) than in SW. The results of RT-PCR showed that the relative expression level of genes and transcription factors was also high in the TZ, regardless of the horizontal or vertical direction of the trunk. Therefore, the HW formation took place in the TZ for A. melanoxylon from molecular level, and potentially connected to plant hormones, PCD, and cell dehydration. Besides, the increased expression of sugar and terpenoid biosynthesis-related genes in TZ further confirmed the close connection between terpenoid biosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolites of A. melanoxylon. Furthermore, the integrated analysis of metabolism data and RNA-seq data showed the key transcription factors (TFs) regulating flavonoids and phenolics accumulation in HW, including negative correlation TFs (WRKY, MYB) and positive correlation TFs (AP2, bZIP, CBF, PB1, and TCP). And, the genes and metabolites from phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolism and biosynthesis were up-regulated and largely accumulated in TZ and HW, respectively. The findings of this research provide a basis for comprehending the buildup of metabolites and the molecular regulatory processes of HW formation in A. melanoxylon

A germline-specific role for the mTORC2 component Rictor in maintaining spermatogonial differentiation and intercellular adhesion in mouse testis

Study Question: What is the physiological role of Rictor in spermatogenic cells? Summary Answer: Germline expression of Rictor regulates spermatogonial differentiation and has an essential role in coordinating germ cells and Sertoli cells in maintaining intact cell–cell adhesion dynamics and cytoskeleton-based architecture in the seminiferous epithelium. What is Known Already: The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) resides in its functions as the catalytic subunits of the structurally and functionally distinct mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes. In the mammalian testis, mTORC1 regulates spermatogonial stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, whereas mTORC2 is required for Sertoli cell function. In contrast to mTORC1, mTORC2 has been much less well studied. Rictor is a distinct component of the mTORC2 complex. Study Design, Size, Duration: We investigated the effects of germ cell-specific ablation of Rictor on testicular development by using a mouse model of germline-specific ablation of Rictor. Participants/Materials, Setting, Methods: We analyzed the in-vivo functions of Rictor through different methods including histology, immunofluorescent staining, chromosome spreads, blood–testis barrier (BTB) integrity assays and RNA sequencing. Main Results and the Role of Chance: Mutant mice did not show a defect in meiotic synapsis or recombination, but exhibited compromised spermatogonial differentiation potential, disorganized cell–cell junctions, impaired BTB dynamics and defective spermiogenesis. Concomitantly, RNA-seq profiling revealed that many genes involved in adhesion and migration were expressed inappropriately. Large Scale Data: RNA-seq data are published in the SRA database (PRJNA419273). Limitations, Reasons for Caution: A detailed analysis of the mechanisms underlying the phenotype needs further investigations. Wider Implications of the Findings: Our work provides previously unidentified in-vivo evidence that germline expression of Rictor plays a role in maintaining spermatogonial differentiation and cell–cell adhesion. These findings are important for understanding the regulation of spermatogenesis and have clinical implications for the effect of mTOR inhibitors on human fertility

Additional file 12 of Comparative physiological, biochemical, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses reveal the formation mechanism of heartwood for Acacia melanoxylon

Additional file 12: Table S6. Statistics of differential expressed genes in SR25SW vs. SR25TZ

Additional file 10 of Comparative physiological, biochemical, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses reveal the formation mechanism of heartwood for Acacia melanoxylon

Additional file 10: Table S5. KEGG enriched analysis of 34 metabolites for A. melanoxylon