95 research outputs found
Recent trends in functional characteristics and degradation methods of alginate
The total area of the Earth's oceans is 360 million square kilometers, accounting for approximately 71% of the Earth's surface area. It is a huge treasure trove of resources, containing abundant mineral resources, oil and gas resources, microbial resources, etc. The production of marine biomass is enormous, and as a third-generation renewable energy source, it has more sustainable development potential than terrestrial biomass. The main source of marine biomass is marine algae, so the development and excavation of marine algae resources is imperative. At present, alginate has become the second largest sustainable development resource in terms of production, second only to cellulose, and has enormous application value. The biological enzyme method for degrading alginate utilizes alginate lyase to β The elimination mechanism breaks the glycosidic bond, which has more degradation advantages than physical and chemical methods
White-box Membership Inference Attacks against Diffusion Models
Diffusion models have begun to overshadow GANs and other generative models in
industrial applications due to their superior image generation performance. The
complex architecture of these models furnishes an extensive array of attack
features. In light of this, we aim to design membership inference attacks
(MIAs) catered to diffusion models. We first conduct an exhaustive analysis of
existing MIAs on diffusion models, taking into account factors such as
black-box/white-box models and the selection of attack features. We found that
white-box attacks are highly applicable in real-world scenarios, and the most
effective attacks presently are white-box. Departing from earlier research,
which employs model loss as the attack feature for white-box MIAs, we employ
model gradients in our attack, leveraging the fact that these gradients provide
a more profound understanding of model responses to various samples. We subject
these models to rigorous testing across a range of parameters, including
training steps, sampling frequency, diffusion steps, and data variance. Across
all experimental settings, our method consistently demonstrated near-flawless
attack performance, with attack success rate approaching and attack
AUCROC near . We also evaluate our attack against common defense
mechanisms, and observe our attacks continue to exhibit commendable
performance
Monitoring Dark-State Dynamics of a Single Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in Nanodiamond by Auto-Correlation Spectroscopy: Photonionization and Recharging
In this letter, the photon-induced charge conversion dynamics of a single Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) center in nanodiamond between two charge states, negative (NV−) and neutral (NV0), is studied by the auto-correlation function. It is observed that the ionization of NV− converts to NV0, which is regarded as the dark state of the NV−, leading to fluorescence intermittency in single NV centers. A new method, based on the auto-correlation calculation of the time-course fluorescence intensity from NV centers, was developed to quantify the transition kinetics and yielded the calculation of transition rates from NV− to NV0 (ionization) and from NV0 to NV− (recharging). Based on our experimental investigation, we found that the NV−-NV0 transition is wavelength-dependent, and more frequent transitions were observed when short-wavelength illumination was used. From the analysis of the auto-correlation curve, it is found that the transition time of NV− to NV0 (ionization) is around 0.1 μs, but the transition time of NV0 to NV− (recharging) is around 20 ms. Power-dependent measurements reveal that the ionization rate increases linearly with the laser power, while the recharging rate has a quadratic increase with the laser power. This difference suggests that the ionization in the NV center is a one-photon process, while the recharging of NV0 to NV− is a two-photon process. This work, which offers theoretical and experimental explanations of the emission property of a single NV center, is expected to help the utilization of the NV center for quantum information science, quantum communication, and quantum bioimaging
Cast2Face: Character identification in movie with actor-character correspondence
10.1145/1873951.1874090MM'10 - Proceedings of the ACM Multimedia 2010 International Conference831-83
Energy System Digitization in the Era of AI: A Three-Layered Approach towards Carbon Neutrality
The transition towards carbon-neutral electricity is one of the biggest game
changers in addressing climate change since it addresses the dual challenges of
removing carbon emissions from the two largest sectors of emitters: electricity
and transportation. The transition to a carbon-neutral electric grid poses
significant challenges to conventional paradigms of modern grid planning and
operation. Much of the challenge arises from the scale of the decision making
and the uncertainty associated with the energy supply and demand. Artificial
Intelligence (AI) could potentially have a transformative impact on
accelerating the speed and scale of carbon-neutral transition, as many decision
making processes in the power grid can be cast as classic, though challenging,
machine learning tasks. We point out that to amplify AI's impact on
carbon-neutral transition of the electric energy systems, the AI algorithms
originally developed for other applications should be tailored in three layers
of technology, markets, and policy.Comment: To be published in Patterns (Cell Press
A Homeodomain-Containing Transcriptional Factor PoHtf1 Regulated the Development and Cellulase Expression in Penicillium oxalicum
Homeodomain-containing transcription factors (Htfs) play important roles in animals, fungi, and plants during some developmental processes. Here, a homeodomain-containing transcription factor PoHtf1 was functionally characterized in the cellulase-producing fungi Penicillium oxalicum 114-2. PoHtf1 was shown to participate in colony growth and conidiation through regulating the expression of its downstream transcription factor BrlA, the key regulator of conidiation in P. oxalicum 114-2. Additionally, PoHtf1 inhibited the expression of the major cellulase genes by coordinated regulation of cellulolytic regulators CreA, AmyR, ClrB, and XlnR. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis showed that PoHtf1 participated in the secondary metabolism including the pathway synthesizing conidial yellow pigment. These data show that PoHtf1 mediates the complex transcriptional-regulatory network cascade between developmental processes and cellulolytic gene expression in P. oxalicum 114-2. Our results should assist the development of strategies for the metabolic engineering of mutants for applications in the enzymatic hydrolysis for biochemical production
Self-organized Voids Revisited: Experimental Verification of the Formation Mechanism*
In this paper, several experiments were conducted to further clarify the
formation mechanism of self organized void array induced by a single laser
beam, including energy-related experiments, refractive-index-contrast-related
experiments, depth-related experiments and effective-numerical-aperture
experiment. These experiments indicate that the interface spherical aberration
is indeed responsible for the formation of void arrays
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