Plasma flows in the cool loop systems

We study the dynamics of low-lying cool loop systems for three datasets as observed by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). Radiances, Doppler shifts and line widths are investigated in and around observed cool loop systems using various spectral lines formed between the photosphere and transition region (TR). Footpoints of the loop threads are either dominated by blueshifts or redshifts. The co-spatial variation of velocity above the blue-shifted footpoints of various loop threads shows a transition from very small upflow velocities ranging from (-1 to +1) km/s in the Mg\,{\sc ii} k line (2796.20~\AA; formation temperature: log (T/K) = 4.0) to the high upflow velocities from (-10 to -20) km/s in Si\,{\sc iv}. Thus, the transition of the plasma flows from red-shift (downflows) to the blue-shift (upflows) is observed above the footpoints of these loop systems in the spectral line C\,{\sc ii} (1334.53~\AA; \log (T/K) = 4.3) lying between Mg\,{\sc ii} k and Si\,{\sc iv} (1402.77~\AA; log (T / K) = 4.8). This flow inversion is consistently observed in all three sets of the observational data. The other footpoint of loop system always remains red-shifted indicating downflowing plasma. The multi-spectral line analysis in the present paper provides a detailed scenario of the plasma flows inversions in cool loop systems leading to the mass transport and their formation. The impulsive energy release due to small-scale reconnection above loop footpoint seems to be the most likely cause for sudden initiation of the plasma flows evident at TR temperatures.Comment: 29 Pages, 14 figures, The Astrophysical Journal (in press

ANTI-CANCER EFFECT OF OCIMUM SANCTUM ETHANOLIC EXTRACT IN NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CARCINOMA CELL LINE

Objective: The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of alcoholic root extract of Ocimum sanctum, in human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell (NCI-H460).Methods: The effect of ethanolic extract of O. sanctum in NCI-H460 cell was investigated by the cell viability assay, generation of ROS in a cancer cell, apoptotic morphological changes and by mitochondrial membrane potential.Results: The cytotoxicity was observed by MMT assay. NCI-H460 cell was treated with various concentrations (10-150 µg/ml) of extract for 24 hr and 150 µg/ml showed a maximum decrease in cell viability. The extract (25-100µg/ml) showed significant increase ROS production in NCI-H460 cell. It greatly inhibits cell viability and colony forming capacity of NCI-H460 cell, possibly because of increased oxidative stress. An increased apoptotic cell in Ocimum sanctum further shows its anticancer nature. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential is an early stage of apoptosis. Our results showed that extract treatment caused serve loss of in NCI-H460 cell.Conclusion: The present study suggests that O. sanctum extract act by increasing oxidative damage in NCI-H460 cells.Keywords: Ocimum sanctum, NCI-H460 lung carcinoma cells, MTT assay, Apoptosis, Oxidative damag

Moisture management and wicking properties of polyester- cotton plated knits

Effect of yarn linear density on moisture management and wicking properties of polyester-cotton plated knit structures has been studied. Linear density of yarns used in inner and outer layer as well as the difference in the yarn linear density for the two layers have been found to affect the liquid transfer from inner to outer layer, liquid spreading in the outer layer and hence the drying ability of the designed fabrics. Wetting time increases, while decrease in absorption rate and spreading speed is observed with the increase in inner and outer layer yarn linear density. The fabrics are graded and classified based on the obtained moisture management indices. Trans planar wicking is found higher for fabrics with greater difference in linear density between inner and outer layers as a result of selection of finer yarns in inner layer

Comfort properties of plated knitted fabrics with varying fibre type

The present study aims to investigate the effect of fibre type and yarn linear density on the thermal properties such as thermal resistance, thermal conductivity and thermal absorptivity along with air permeability and moisture vapor transmission rate of single jersey plated fabrics. Plated fabrics with nylon in the next to skin layer seem suitable choice for warm conditions as these fabrics would feel cooler on initial skin contact owing to high thermal absorptivity and are permeable to passage of air and moisture vapor. Fabrics knitted with yarns of high linear density seem unsuitable in warm conditions owing to higher value of thermal resistance and lower values of air permeability and moisture vapor transmission rate. Two way analysis of variance is conducted to test the significance of categorical variables, i.e. fibre type and yarn linear density on dependent variables. All the dependent variables except thermal resistance are found to be affected by the categorical variables at 95% confidence intervals

Prediction of thermo-physiological properties of plated knits by different neural network architectures

Thermo-physiological properties of polyester-cotton plated knits have been predicted using two different network architectures (NA1 & NA2). NA1 consists of four individual networks working in tandem with common set of inputs and NA2 consists of one network giving four outputs. It is found that network architecture NA1 is able to predict the thermo-physiological properties of plated fabrics better as compared to NA2 network architecture. Sensitivity analysis is performed to judge the sensitivity or the importance of each input parameter in determining thermo-physiological properties of plated fabrics. The most sensitive parameter in prediction of thermal resistance is total yarn linear density, filament fineness for thermal absorptivity, loop length for air permeability and moisture vapour transmission rate