Cytology in Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL)

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a chronic lympho-proliferative disease. The disease is clinically characterized by anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, monocytopenia, splenomegaly. This leukemia cells have peculiar shape with hairlike projection, and express mature B-cell antigens such as, CD19,CD20 and Ig heavy chain on their surface. Nuclear and cytoplasm area ratio was low. Cell biological observation and chromosome analysis were performed in 12 patients. Translocation at 14q32 was found in 2 patients and loss of chromosome 6 was found in one patient. These cytogenetical results suggest taht HCL is different disease from chronic lymphocytic leukemia

マウス胸腺における脂肪化および脂肪細胞分化

The mouse thymus locates on a position close to the pericardial cavity and consists of two lobes. The lobes surrouded by a capsule are subdivided into many lobules by connective tissue trabeculae. Each lobule consists of lymphocytes-accumulated regions, cortex and medulla. In the previous study, since only lymphocytes in many kinds of thymus-constructing cell expressed the long type leptin receptor (OBRL), it was suggested that thymocytes were regulated with leptin produced by adipocytes differenciated and proliferated through thymic age involution. Then it is naturally interested in studying when lipogenesis and adipogenesis begin in the thymus either in embryogenesis or in postnatal growth. We extracted and measured the quantity of total lipid of the thymus and found that that began to increase at the period of 5 to 8 week-old after birth. The quantity of DNA of the thymus was little changed for this period. Then we directly observed histologically HE-stained sections under light microscope. The small number of adipocytes was observed at surrouding connective tissue, but never found in trabeculae of thymus of neonatal. In 5 week-old thymus adipocytes were first observed in small groups in the trabeculae. Secondly, we detected FGF10,PPARγ and leptin mENA expressions by the RTPCR method as the indication of adipogenesis in the thymus from embryo just before birth to 6 month-old. Both FGF10 and PPARγmRNA were detected in all specimens. The expression of PPARγ is slightly less than that of FGF10 in the embryonic thymus, but with incresing age it incresed and apparently more than that of FGF10 in the 6 moth-old thymus. These results suggest that adipogenesis in the thymus begins just before birth at the latest and that lipogenesis in the thymus does at 5 week-old after birth

Cellular analysis of SOD1 protein-aggregation propensity and toxicity: a case of ALS with slow progression harboring homozygous SOD1-D92G mutation

Mutations within Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), accounting for approximately 20% of familial cases. The pathological feature is a loss of motor neurons with enhanced formation of intracellular misfolded SOD1. Homozygous SOD1-D90A in familial ALS has been reported to show slow disease progression. Here, we reported a rare case of a slowly progressive ALS patient harboring a novel SOD1 homozygous mutation D92G (homD92G). The neuronal cell line overexpressing SOD1-D92G showed a lower ratio of the insoluble/soluble fraction of SOD1 with fine aggregates of the misfolded SOD1 and lower cellular toxicity than those overexpressing SOD1-G93A, a mutation that generally causes rapid disease progression. Next, we analyzed spinal motor neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) of a healthy control subject and ALS patients carrying SOD1-homD92G or heterozygous SOD1-L144FVX mutation. Lower levels of misfolded SOD1 and cell loss were observed in the motor neurons differentiated from patient-derived iPSCs carrying SOD1-homD92G than in those carrying SOD1-L144FVX. Taken together, SOD1-homD92G has a lower propensity to aggregate and induce cellular toxicity than SOD1-G93A or SOD1-L144FVX, and these cellular phenotypes could be associated with the clinical course of slowly progressive ALS

Segmentation of time series in up- and down-trends using the epsilon-tau procedure with application to USD/JPY foreign exchange market data.

We propose the epsilon-tau procedure to determine up- and down-trends in a time series, working as a tool for its segmentation. The method denomination reflects the use of a tolerance level ε for the series values and a patience level τ in the time axis to delimit the trends. We first illustrate the procedure in discrete random walks, deriving the exact probability distributions of trend lengths and trend amplitudes, and then apply it to segment and analyze the trends of U.S. dollar (USD)/Japanese yen (JPY) market time series from 2015 to 2018. Besides studying the statistics of trend lengths and amplitudes, we investigate the internal structure of the trends by grouping trends with similar shapes and selecting clusters of shapes that rarely occur in the randomized data. Particularly, we identify a set of down-trends presenting similar sharp appreciation of the yen that are associated with exceptional events such as the Brexit Referendum in 2016

Detection of statistical asymmetries in non-stationary sign time series: Analysis of foreign exchange data.

We extend the concept of statistical symmetry as the invariance of a probability distribution under transformation to analyze binary sign time series data of price difference from the foreign exchange market. We model segments of the sign time series as Markov sequences and apply a local hypothesis test to evaluate the symmetries of independence and time reversion in different periods of the market. For the test, we derive the probability of a binary Markov process to generate a given set of number of symbol pairs. Using such analysis, we could not only segment the time series according the different behaviors but also characterize the segments in terms of statistical symmetries. As a particular result, we find that the foreign exchange market is essentially time reversible but this symmetry is broken when there is a strong external influence

Power-Law Distributions from Sigma-Pi Structure of Sums of Random Multiplicative Processes

We introduce a simple growth model in which the sizes of entities evolve as multiplicative random processes that start at different times. A novel aspect we examine is the dependence among entities. For this, we consider three classes of dependence between growth factors governing the evolution of sizes: independence, Kesten dependence and mixed dependence. We take the sum X of the sizes of the entities as the representative quantity of the system, which has the structure of a sum of product terms (Sigma-Pi), whose asymptotic distribution function has a power-law tail behavior. We present evidence that the dependence type does not alter the asymptotic power-law tail behavior, nor the value of the tail exponent. However, the structure of the large values of the sum X is found to vary with the dependence between the growth factors (and thus the entities). In particular, for the independence case, we find that the large values of X are contributed by a single maximum size entity: the asymptotic power-law tail is the result of such single contribution to the sum, with this maximum contributing entity changing stochastically with time and with realizations

Mid-quote time series in tick time and local analysis of the time reversion statistical symmetry for the currency pair USD/JPY in nine weeks of October and November of 2011.

<p>(a) from October, 2nd to October, 8th, (b) from October, 9th to October, 15th, (c) from October, 16th to October, 22nd, (d) from October, 23rd to October, 29th, (e) from October, 30th to November, 5th, (f) from November, 6th to November, 12th, (g) from November, 13th to November, 19th, (h) from November, 20th to November, 26th and (i) from November, 27th to December, 3rd. All weeks are characterized mainly as time reversion symmetric, except during special intervals where significant deviations from the symmetric hypothesis for several window sizes appear (indicated by red arrows), in particular four occasions: In weeks (a) and (b), the symmetry breaking occurs in a small interval in the beginning of week, when the foreign exchange market opens; in week (e), there are several asymmetric intervals during the Japanese government intervention; and in week (i) there is one short asymmetric period corresponding to the announcement of global central bank intervention.</p

Details of local analysis of the time reversion statistical symmetry for price time series and corresponding price difference integrated sign time series for weeks from 2011, October, 2nd to October, 8th, from October, 9th to October, 15th and from November, 27th to December, 3rd.

<p>Zoomed USD/JPY mid-quote time series in tick time with intervals evaluated as time reversion asymmetric shown in orange (for window size w = 1000) for week (a-1) from October, 2nd to October, 8th, (b-1) from October, 9th to October, 15th and (c-1) from November, 27th to December, 3rd. Corresponding time series for the integrated sign of the price difference in the USD/JPY market for week (a-2) from October, 2nd to October, 8th, (b-2) from October, 9th to October, 15th and (c-2) from November, 27th to December, 3rd. The first two asymmetric periods occur in the beginning of the respective weeks and present similar trend with zigzag structures, while the last asymmetric interval shows local tendencies with prices moving in a preferred direction that agrees with the mid-quote general tendency.</p

Mid-quote time series in tick time and local analysis of the independence statistical symmetry for the currency pair USD/JPY in nine weeks of October and November of 2011.

<p>(a) from October, 2nd to October, 8th, (b) from October, 9th to October, 15th, (c) from October, 16th to October, 22nd, (d) from October, 23rd to October, 29th, (e) from October, 30th to November, 5th, (f) from November, 6th to November, 12th, (g) from November, 13th to November, 19th, (h) from November, 20th to November, 26th and (i) from November, 27th to December, 3rd.</p