108 research outputs found
Internet of Things Based Monitoring System of Leaks in Water Supply Networks Using Pressure-Based Model
Leaks in water distribution networks impose several impacts on economy, freshwater resources, water quality, health and safety. Fast leak detection and reparation is a key for lowering its negative impacts and associated costs with conventional detection techniques. This study has been used a pressure-based model to detect leaks events and its coordinates based on pressure and flow measurements. Pressure and flow data for systems that having leaks in their structure were analyzed and compared with data generated from non-leaking systems using EPANET software packages. An extension package of EPANET software (EpanetWaterGen) has been used as it has the advantage of its ability to better simulate leaks. The results show the ability of the model to detect leaks in a small and large water distribution networks with uncertainty level associated with low pressure change. The developed leak detection model utilizes pressure and flow sensors and enables the network managers and administrators to optimally place the sensors in a manner to increase efficiency and optimize cost. The system allows operators to detect leak location and volume of lost water, thus enabling a better and more efficient response to leaks, such that the network managers can address and respond to most urgent leaks and optimize the time end efforts of technical and maintenance personnel
Internet of Things Based Monitoring System of Leaks in Water Supply Networks Using Pressure-Based Model
Leaks in water distribution networks impose several impacts on economy, freshwater resources, water quality, health and safety. Fast leak detection and reparation is a key for lowering its negative impacts and associated costs with conventional detection techniques. This study has been used a pressure-based model to detect leaks events and its coordinates based on pressure and flow measurements. Pressure and flow data for systems that having leaks in their structure were analyzed and compared with data generated from non-leaking systems using EPANET software packages. An extension package of EPANET software (EpanetWaterGen) has been used as it has the advantage of its ability to better simulate leaks. The results show the ability of the model to detect leaks in a small and large water distribution networks with uncertainty level associated with low pressure change. The developed leak detection model utilizes pressure and flow sensors and enables the network managers and administrators to optimally place the sensors in a manner to increase efficiency and optimize cost. The system allows operators to detect leak location and volume of lost water, thus enabling a better and more efficient response to leaks, such that the network managers can address and respond to most urgent leaks and optimize the time end efforts of technical and maintenance personnel
The evolution of antiferromagnetic susceptibility to uniaxial pressure in Ba(Fe{1-x}Co{x})2As2
Neutron diffraction measurements are presented measuring the responses of
both magnetic and structural order parameters of parent and lightly Co-doped
Ba(Fe{1-x}Co{x})2As2 under the application of uniaxial pressure. We find that
the uniaxial pressure induces a thermal shift in the onset of antiferromagnetic
order that grows as a percentage of T_N as Co-doping is increased and the
superconducting phase is approached. Additionally, as uniaxial pressure is
increased within parent and lightly-doped Ba(Fe{1-x}Co{x})2As2 on the first
order side of the tricritical point, we observe a decoupling between the onsets
of the orthorhombic structural distortion and antiferromagnetism. Our findings
place needed constraints on models exploring the nematic susceptibility of the
bilayer pnictides in the tetragonal, paramagnetic regime.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure
Quantum Spin Excitations through the metal-to-insulator crossover in
We use inelastic neutron scattering to study the temperature dependence of
the spin excitations of a detwinned superconducting YBaCuO
( K). In contrast to earlier work on YBaCuO (
K), where the prominent features in the magnetic spectra consist of a sharp
collective magnetic excitation termed ``resonance'' and a large
( meV) superconducting spin gap, we find that the spin
excitations in YBaCuO are gapless and have a much broader
resonance. Our detailed mapping of magnetic scattering along the
/-axis directions at different energies reveals that spin
excitations are unisotropic and consistent with the ``hourglass''-like
dispersion along the -axis direction near the resonance, but they are
isotropic at lower energies. Since a fundamental change in the low-temperature
normal state of YBaCuO when superconductivity is suppressed
takes place at with a metal-to-insulator crossover (MIC), where the
ground state transforms from a metallic to an insulating-like phase, our
results suggest a clear connection between the large change in spin excitations
and the MIC. The resonance therefore is a fundamental feature of metallic
ground state superconductors and a consequence of high- superconductivity.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev.
Magnetic structure of the antiferromagnetic half-Heusler compound NdBiPt
We present results of single crystal neutron diffraction experiments on the
rare-earth, half-Heusler antiferromagnet (AFM) NdBiPt. This compound exhibits
an AFM phase transition at ~K with an ordered moment of
~ per Nd atom. The magnetic moments are aligned along
the -direction, arranged in a type-I AFM structure with ferromagnetic
planes, alternating antiferromagnetically along a propagation vector of
. The BiPt (= Ce-Lu) family of materials has been proposed as
candidates of a new family of antiferromagnetic topological insulators (AFTI)
with magnetic space group that corresponds to a type-II AFM structure where
ferromagnetic sheets are stacked along the space diagonal. The resolved
structure makes it unlikely, that NdBiPt qualifies as an AFTI.Comment: As resubmitted to PRB, corrected typos and changed symbols in Fig.
Spin Waves in the Ferromagnetic Ground State of the Kagome Staircase System Co3V2O8
Inelastic neutron scattering measurements were performed on single crystal
Co3V2O8 wherein magnetic cobalt ions reside on distinct spine and cross-tie
sites within kagome staircase planes. This system displays a rich magnetic
phase diagram which culminates in a ferromagnetic ground state below Tc~6 K. We
have studied the low-lying magnetic excitations in this phase within the kagome
plane. Despite the complexity of the system at higher temperatures, linear
spin-wave theory describes most of the quantitative detail of the inelastic
neutron measurements. Our results show two spin-wave branches, the higher
energy of which displays finite spin-wave lifetimes well below Tc, and
negligible magnetic exchange coupling between Co moments on the spine sites.Comment: 4 pages and 4 figure
Gapped Excitations in the High-Pressure Antiferromagnetic Phase of URuSi
We report a neutron scattering study of the magnetic excitation spectrum in
each of the three temperature and pressure driven phases of URuSi. We
find qualitatively similar excitations throughout the (H0L) scattering plane in
the hidden order and large moment phases, with no changes in the
-widths of the excitations at the = (1.407,0,0) and =
(1,0,0) points, within our experimental resolution. There is, however, an
increase in the gap at the point from 4.2(2) meV to 5.5(3) meV,
consistent with other indicators of enhanced antiferromagnetism under pressure.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl
Stability Assessment of Regenerated Hierarchical ZSM-48 Zeolite Designed by Post-Synthesis Treatment for Catalytic Cracking of Light Naphtha
Hierarchical ZSM-48, a one-dimensional pore system zeolite with the presence of mesopores, was obtained by post-synthesis alkaline and acid treatments. Hierarchical ZSM-48 exhibited excellent hexane cracking activity compared to parent ZSM-48, which can be attributed to better diffusion as a result of the created mesoporosity. Moreover, the post-synthesis treatment allowed for manipulation of the distribution of active sites. Consequently, better stability and higher propylene selectivity were accomplished. The spent catalyst was regenerated by removing the deposited coke from the pores, and the regenerated catalyst was characterized again to investigate the recyclability of the hierarchical structure achieved. Parent ZSM-48 showed the same textural and acidic properties after regeneration, while the structure of the post-treated sample suffered from serious defects. The defects severely decreased the number of active sites as measured by pyridine Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and caused major structural collapse as observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy
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