Synchronisation and Differentiation: Two Stages of Coordinative Structure

While motor skill acquisition process is regarded as development of coordination, typically regarded as synchronisation among joint movements, we found another phenomenon which we call differentiation as a consequence of synchronisation. The synchronised movement established is decomposed into several sections or modulated to be executed on different timings without breaking the coordination among them, resulting in the gain of efficiency or flexibility. In the acquisition of skills, the coordinative structure thus goes through two stages: synchronisation and differentiation. We verify in this paper our observation through our experiments and dynamical analysis of the kneading of ceramic art and playing the shaker in samba

Breaking the scale invariance of the primordial power spectrum in Horava-Lifshitz Cosmology

We study the spectral tilt of primordial perturbations in Horava-Lifshitz cosmology. The uniform approximation, which is a generalization of the familiar Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) method, is employed to compute the spectral index both numerically and analytically in a closed form. We clarify how the spectral index depends on the inflation model and parameters in the modified dispersion relation.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review

Observational Constraints on Kinetic Gravity Braiding from the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe Effect

The cross-correlation between the integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect and the large scale structure (LSS) is a powerful tool to constrain dark energy and alternative theories of gravity. In this paper, we obtain observational constraints on kinetic gravity braiding from the ISW-LSS cross-correlation. We find that the late-time ISW effect in the kinetic gravity braiding model anti-correlates with large scale structures in a wide range of parameters, which clearly demonstrates how one can distinguish modified gravity theories from the LCDM model using the ISW effect. In addition to the analysis based on a concrete model, we investigate a future prospect of the ISW-LSS cross-correlation by using a phenomenological parameterization of modified gravity models.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review

The Contents and Functions of Grief Dreams after Bereavement

大切な人を失った後，喪のプロセスにおいて，しばしば故人が登場する夢をみる。これを 「悲嘆夢」と称する。本論文の目的は以下の３点にある。⑴遺された人はどんな内容の夢を 見るのか⑵喪のプロセスに伴って変化が見出せるのか⑶悲嘆夢の系列で故人との絆は解消さ れるのか，継続されるのか。分析の対象となった悲嘆夢は32 人分，49 個である。これらの 夢を質的な分析方法で検討した結果，16 種の下位カテゴリーが抽出され，４種の上位カテ ゴリーにまとめられた。①喪失との直面，②別れのやり直し，③絆の結び直し，④共生の継 続，である。前の２つは「切る機能」が優位な夢であり，後の２つは「結ぶ機能」が優位な 夢である。喪のプロセスにおいて，切る機能と結ぶ機能の間を振り子のように揺れながら， 「結び直すことで切る」という逆説的な過程が進展していくことが明らかになった

The Japanese Press and Japanese Foreign Policy 1927-1933.

Much research has been carried out on the causes and consequences of the dramatic Manchurian crisis of 1931-1933. Many books have also been written on the history of the Japanese press with not a little attention being paid to the effect of state intervention on press freedom. A systematic analysis of press treatment of foreign policy before and during the Manchurian Incident and of the ways in which the role and character of the press changed has, however, been lacking. This thesis attempts to fill the gap by examining a number of newspapers and journals including the most influential and those specialising in foreign affairs for the years 1927-1933, focusing on the crucial foreign policy issues of naval disarmament and the China question. The various methods of government censorship are also examined, It lends support to those who have seen the Japanese press in the period of 'Taisho Democracy' as a formidable critic of the Japanese government in foreign policy as well as domestic politics, This critical tone, based in part on liberal international attitudes, is shown to have continued down to 1930, particularly with regard to disarmament. The thesis also shows, however, that well before 1931, there was a growing tendency to emphasise sensational reporting, often of an anti-Chinese nature, for reasons of commercial rivalry. It is also argued that, largely for commercial reasons, the press tended to move away from a distinctively independent editorial position towards conformity with public opinion, and that it sought to avoid conflicts with the government, which might result in temporary bans on publication. Thus it indicates that to a considerable extent the apparently dramatic switch of role to support of nationalistic official policies in 1931 had already been foreshadowed

Exact diagonalization and cluster mean-field study of triangular-lattice XXZ antiferromagnets near saturation

Quantum magnetic phases near the magnetic saturation of triangular-lattice antiferromagnets with XXZ anisotropy have been attracting renewed interest since it has been suggested that a nontrivial coplanar phase, called the $\pi$-coplanar or $\Psi$ phase, could be stabilized by quantum effects in a certain range of anisotropy parameter $J/J_z$ besides the well-known 0-coplanar (known also as $V$) and umbrella phases. Recently, Sellmann $et$ $al$. [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 91}, 081104(R) (2015)] claimed that the $\pi$-coplanar phase is absent for $S=1/2$ from an exact-diagonalization analysis in the sector of the Hilbert space with only three down-spins (three magnons). We first reconsider and improve this analysis by taking into account several low-lying eigenvalues and the associated eigenstates as a function of $J/J_z$ and by sensibly increasing the system sizes (up to 1296 spins). A careful identification analysis shows that the lowest eigenstate is a chirally antisymmetric combination of finite-size umbrella states for $J/J_z\gtrsim 2.218$ while it corresponds to a coplanar phase for $J/J_z\lesssim 2.218$. However, we demonstrate that the distinction between 0-coplanar and $\pi$-coplanar phases in the latter region is fundamentally impossible from the symmetry-preserving finite-size calculations with fixed magnon number.} Therefore, we also perform a cluster mean-field plus scaling analysis for small spins $S\leq 3/2$. The obtained results, together with the previous large-$S$ analysis, indicate that the $\pi$-coplanar phase exists for any $S$ except for the classical limit ($S\rightarrow \infty$) and the existence range in $J/J_z$ is largest in the most quantum case of $S=1/2$.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figure

Gelatin of Myosin Filament Under High Hydrostatic Pressure

Gelation of myosin filaments under high hydrostatic pressure was investigated. At room temperature myosin filaments in 0.1 M KCl and 20 mM phosphate, pH 6.0, formed gels at 280 MPa and a protein concentration above 2 mg/ml or at 210 MPa and 3 mg/ml. However, no pressure-induced gelation was observed at 140 MPa. The gel strengths of pressure-induced gels were almost proportional to the protein concentration and they were comparable to those of heat-induced gels. The association of myosin filaments and the structural disturbance seemed to coincide with the formation of the gel. The microstructure of the pressure-induced myosin gel consisted of a fine network and was similar to that of heat-induced myosin filament gels at low ionic strength. Myosin light chains 1 and 3 were easily dissociated from the pressure-induced gels

What are Viewpoints and Methods Peculiar to Clinical Practice in Education

いわゆる「教育臨床」の用語は不明確な概念であり、教育臨床に携わる者の間でコンセンサスができているわけではない。本論文の狙いは、筆者のスクールカウンセラー等の教育臨床の経験をリフレクティブに省察し、教育臨床に固有の視点や関わり方を明確化しようとすることにある。明確化する際の手掛かりとして、（1）学校文化に参入した時のカルチャーショックを掘り下げて検討し、（2）伝統的なオフィスでの心理臨床の実践を照合枠として用いた。その結果、学校でのコミュニティ臨床に固有の視点や関わり方が浮かび上がってきた。オフィス臨床の基礎の上に、学校現場では新たな視点や手法を産み出し、学校コミュニティ臨床の「学」を生成してゆくことが求められる