An observation of the walking behavior of Podosphaeraster toyoshiomaruae collected from the bank Oshima-shinsone, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan

トヨシオマリヒトデPodosphaeraster toyoshiomaruae Fujita and Rowe, 2002は体がほぼ球形で，腕が発達しないという特殊な形態を持つ小型ヒトデ類である。鹿児島県奄美大島北西部に位置する大島新曽根水深100-200 m 程度の堆に生息している。この堆はROV で観察するとカイメン類，八放サンゴ類などで覆われている。2017年5月21日に本種の生きた個体が大島新曽根で採集され，管足を伸ばした状態や歩行が観察されたのでその行動を記載した。管足を体内にしまった状態とは異なり，体がやや口・肛門軸方向に扁平になり，約1.65 cm/min の速度で歩行した。通常の腕の発達したヒトデ類の歩行速度と比較すると相対的に著しく遅い。管足には少なくとも2種類が認められ，歩行用と感覚用と考えられる。The podosphaerastrid asteroid Podosphaeraster toyoshiomaruae Fujita and Rowe, 2002 is small-sized, nearly spherical in shape. The species exclusively inhabits on the bank Oshima-shinsone at depths of 100 to 200 m, northwest of Amami-Oshima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, where the bottom is entirely covered with sponges, octocorals, and hyrozoan polyps with patches of sandy bottom. The bottom conditions were clearly observed with a ROV on September 29, 2009. A living specimen was collected from this locality on May 21, 2017. During locomotion by tube feet, the body was depressed dorso-ventrally in contrast with the spherical body shape with tube feet unexpanded. The locomotion rate of the specimen was about 1.65 cm/min. Two types of tube feet were identified. Presumably one is for locomotion with a sucker terminally, while the other for sensing.本研究の一部は日本学術振興会科学研究費（基盤研究C，No.16K07825，代表 大塚攻），国立科学博物館総合研究「黒潮に注目した地史・生物史・人類史」によって行われた

A deep learning approach to photo–identification demonstrates high performance on two dozen cetacean species

We thank the countless individuals who collected and/or processed the nearly 85,000 images used in this study and those who assisted, particularly those who sorted these images from the millions that did not end up in the catalogues. Additionally, we thank the other Kaggle competitors who helped develop the ideas, models and data used here, particularly those who released their datasets to the public. The graduate assistantship for Philip T. Patton was funded by the NOAA Fisheries QUEST Fellowship. This paper represents HIMB and SOEST contribution numbers 1932 and 11679, respectively. The technical support and advanced computing resources from University of Hawaii Information Technology Services—Cyberinfrastructure, funded in part by the National Science Foundation CC* awards # 2201428 and # 2232862 are gratefully acknowledged. Every photo–identification image was collected under permits according to relevant national guidelines, regulation and legislation.Peer reviewedPublisher PD