ラーニングコモンズにおける学生スタッフの社会人基礎力と学びの志向性－課外活動経験が及ぼす影響の検討－

高等教育のアウトカム重視傾向の高まりから、汎用的能力獲得における正課外の学習活動が果たす役割に注目が集まっている。そこで本研究では、ラーニングコモンズの活動に焦点をあて、学生スタッフの社会人基礎力1）への影響を検討することを目的とした。研究１では、学生スタッフの社会人基礎力に与える影響のうち、課外活動経験に注目し、学生スタッフ46名の社会人基礎力得点と、①アルバイト、②サークル活動（部活動を含む）、③教職課程履修、④SA経験、⑤一人暮らし経験の５つの課外活動経験の有無との関連を検討した結果、すべての項目に関して有意差は認められなかった。研究２では、学生スタッフ44名を対象にラーニングコモンズでの活動に関するアンケート調査を事前・事後の２回に分けて実施した。その結果、向上させたい力として【発信力】【働きかけ力】【主体性】を重要視する学生が多く、対人関係における社会的成長および人格的成長への志向性が確認できた。以上のことから、ラーニングコモンズにおける正課外活動実践は、社会人基礎力の発揮・向上の場となり得ることが示唆された

能動的な聞き手を育成する「聞くこと」の重層的指導 －聴解力を鍛える段階的指導モデルの再検討－

　平成元年の学習指導要領改訂によって音声言語指導が重視されるようになってから約30年が経過したが、教育現場において児童生徒の聞く力が定着したとは言い難い。その要因を学習指導要領における単元の取り扱いと具体的目標の示され方の２点から検討し、先行研究をふまえたうえで、聴解力を鍛える5段階指導モデルを試案として提示した。次に、「聞くこと」教材の配当について中学校国語科教科書5社の比較を行い、能動的な聞き手を育成する授業づくりの視点として、①発達段階に応じたスキルの設定、②「聞くことの活動」の充実、③質問する力の重視、④「聞く力」を基盤とした評価活動、⑤汎用的な能力と連動させた重層的な指導の5点を提示した

Differential, histochemical and immunohistochemical changes in rat hepatocytes after isoflurane or sevoflurane exposure.

Differential, histochemical and immunohistochemical changes were observed in hepatocytes from immediately to 7 days after isoflurane or sevoflurane exposure (at H 0 to on Day 7) to study the process of development and recovery in anesthetic-induced hepatic injury. A total of 570 7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with or without phenobarbital treatment were exposed to isoflurane or sevoflurane in 100%, 21%, or 10% oxygen, or to 10% oxygen alone for 2h. In phenobarbital-treated rats, hepatocytes both with and without anesthetic exposure markedly changed in 10% oxygen at H 0. Glycogen and ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) disappeared at H 0 and at H 6, respectively, and at H 6, AST levels in the blood rose. From H 6 to Day 1, necrosis developed more markedly and widely in zone 3 hepatocytes exposed to anesthetics in 10% oxygen than in those exposed to oxygen alone. All degenerated tissues had returned to normal levels by day 7. Recovery of the hepatolobular structure may be attributed to rearrangement of remaining hepatocytes in the portal vein area. Both the disappearance of glycogen and rRNA and the increase in blood AST levels after exposure to isoflurane or sevoflurane are considered to be factors contributing to the induction of necrosis around the central vein. The grade of isoflurane-induced hepatic injury was found to be significantly higher than that of sevoflurane.</p

Water-soluble melatonins: Syntheses of melatonins carrying a glycosyl group at the 1-position

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科生理活性物質科学金沢大学薬学部1-(β-D-Xylopyranosyl)- (2a), 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)- (2b), 1-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)- (2c), and 1-(α-D-arabinopyranosyl)melatonins (3b) are prepared as water-soluble melatonins starting from melatonin

Three new synthetic methods for the 1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexa-hydropyrrolo[2,3-b] indoles having an alkoxy group at the 3a-position

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科生理活性物質科学金沢大学薬学部Three methods have been newly developed for the synthesis of 1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indoles. Employing them, 3a-chloro-, 3a-bromo-, 3a-hydroxy-, and various 3a-alkoxy-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2, 3-b]indoles are now readily available

Jejunal interposition reconstruction with a stomach preserving esophagectomy improves postoperative weight loss and reflux symptoms for esophageal cancer patients

Background: Conventional reconstruction after an esophagectomy uses a gastric tube, which commonly causes several postoperative complaints such as gastric acid reflux in long-term survival cases. Intestinal interposition between the remnant esophagus and the stomach is an option to reduce complaints, and in this study, the advantages of jejunal interposition reconstruction with a stomach preserving esophagectomy (SPE) were assessed. Materials and methods: Eleven cases of jejunal interposition with an SPE and 16 cases with gastric tube reconstruction as a control were subject to a comparison of operation time, amount of bleeding, postoperative quality of life, and endoscopic findings. Results: The SPE group had a longer operation time (SPE: 560 +/- 121 min, control 414 +/- 83 min, P = 0.038), whereas there was no significant difference in blood loss. Postoperative weight loss was significantly recovered in the SPE group (SPE versus control = 94.0 +/- 5.4% versus 87.5 +/- 4.7% at 3 mo, P = 0.017; 97.2 +/- 7.5% versus 85.0 +/- 5.2% at 6 mo, P = 0.010), and there was a significant decrease in the occurrence of reflux symptoms such as heartburn, odynophagia, and cough when jejunal interposition with an SPE was done. Furthermore, reflux esophagitis and Barrett's epithelium were found in six out of 12 cases (50%) of the control group by postoperative endoscopy, while no cases in the SPE group had either condition (P < 0.01). Conclusions: This reconstruction method is a promising option to improve postoperative quality of life, mainly due to the long-term elimination of reflux esophagitis, which assists in the recovery of postoperative weight loss

The Effects of Maxillomandibular Advancement and Genioglossus Advancement on Sleep Quality

Maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) using a standardized surgical procedure consisting of a LeFort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy and genioglossus advancement (GA) using a genioplasty improve airway volume, oxygen desaturation, and the AHI in patients with OSA. However, there are few reports on changes in sleep quality following MMA and GA. We assessed the effects of MMA and GA on sleep quality by comparing oxygen desaturation, AHI, and sleep architecture before and after surgery. Methods: Eight patients underwent polysomnography (PSG) and CT scan before and after surgery. Conclusions: Our study finds that %TST and %REM were both increased, while %S1 and NA both decreased. Based on these results, it appears that both the quality and quantity of sleep were improved. MMA and GA improve sleep respiratory disturbance and can also improve sleep quality