Representations of (2,n)(2,n)-semigroups by multiplace functions

We describe the representations of $(2,n)$-semigroups, i.e. groupoids with $n$ binary associative operations, by partial $n$-place functions and prove that any such representation is a union of some family of representations induced by Schein's determining pairs.Comment: 17 page

Representations of Menger (2,n)(2,n)-semigroups by multiplace functions

Investigation of partial multiplace functions by algebraic methods plays an important role in modern mathematics were we consider various operations on sets of functions, which are naturally defined. The basic operation for $n$-place functions is an $(n+1)$-ary superposition $[ ]$, but there are some other naturally defined operations, which are also worth of consideration. In this paper we consider binary Mann's compositions \op{1},...,\op{n} for partial $n$-place functions, which have many important applications for the study of binary and $n$-ary operations. We present methods of representations of such algebras by $n$-place functions and find an abstract characterization of the set of $n$-place functions closed with respect to the set-theoretic inclusion

Self-Association of the glycan antibiotic teicoplanin A2 in aqueous solution studied by molecular hydrodynamics

The semi-synthetic glycan antibiotic teicoplanin is used for the treatment of serious Gram-positive related bacterial infections and can be administered intravenously, intramuscularly, topically (ocular infections), or orally. It has also been considered for targeting viral infection by SARS-CoV-2. The hydrodynamic properties of teicoplanin A2 (monomer molar mass ~ 1880 g/mol) were examined in phosphate chloride buffer (pH 6.8, I = 0.10 M) using sedimentation velocity and sedimentation equilibrium in the analytical ultracentrifuge together with capillary (rolling ball) viscometry. In the concentration range, 0-10 mg/mL teicoplanin A2 was found to self-associate plateauing > 1 mg/mL to give a molar mass of (35400 ± 1000) g/mol corresponding to ~ (19 ± 1) mers, with a sedimentation coefficient s20,w = ~ 4.65 S. The intrinsic viscosity [h] was found to be (3.2 ± 0.1) mL/g: both this, the value for s20,w and the hydrodynamic radius from dynamic light scattering is consistent with a globular macromolecular assembly, with a swelling ratio through dynamic hydration processes of ~2

Functionalized Positive Nanoparticles Reduce Mucin Swelling and Dispersion

Multi-functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively investigated for their potential in household and commercial products, and biomedical applications. Previous reports have confirmed the cellular nanotoxicity and adverse inflammatory effects on pulmonary systems induced by NPs. However, possible health hazards resulting from mucus rheological disturbances induced by NPs are underexplored. Accumulation of viscous, poorly dispersed, and less transportable mucus leading to improper mucus rheology and dysfunctional mucociliary clearance are typically found to associate with many respiratory diseases such as asthma, cystic fibrosis (CF), and COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). Whether functionalized NPs can alter mucus rheology and its operational mechanisms have not been resolved. Herein, we report that positively charged functionalized NPs can hinder mucin gel hydration and effectively induce mucin aggregation. The positively charged NPs can significantly reduce the rate of mucin matrix swelling by a maximum of 7.5 folds. These NPs significantly increase the size of aggregated mucin by approximately 30 times within 24 hrs. EGTA chelation of indigenous mucin crosslinkers (Ca2+ ions) was unable to effectively disperse NP-induced aggregated mucins. Our results have demonstrated that positively charged functionalized NPs can impede mucin gel swelling by crosslinking the matrix. This report also highlights the unexpected health risk of NP-induced change in mucus rheological properties resulting in possible mucociliary transport impairment on epithelial mucosa and related health problems. In addition, our data can serve as a prospective guideline for designing nanocarriers for airway drug delivery applications

Functionalized carboxyl nanoparticles enhance mucus dispersion and hydration

Luminal accumulation of viscous, poorly hydrated, and less transportable mucus has been associated with altered mucus rheology and reduced mucociliary clearance. These symptoms are some of the cardinal clinical manifestations found throughout major respiratory diseases as well as gastrointestinal and digestive disorders. Applications of current mucolytics may yield short-term improvements but are continuously challenged by undesirable side-effects. While nanoparticles (NPs) can interact with mucin polymers, whether functionalized NPs can rectify mucus rheology is unknown. Herein, we report that carboxyl-functionalized NPs (24 nm and 120 nm) dramatically reduced mucin gel size and accelerated mucin matrix hydration rate (diffusivity). Our results suggest that carboxyl-functionalized NPs disperse mucin gels possibly by enhancing network hydration. This report highlights the prospective usages of carboxyl-functionalized NPs as a novel mucus dispersant or mucolytic agent in adjusting mucus rheological properties and improving mucociliary transport to relieve clinical symptoms of patients suffering from relevant diseases

СЕРДЕЧНО-ЛЕГОЧНАЯ РЕАНИМАЦИЯ У БЕРЕМЕННЫХ (обзор серии наблюдений из одного клинического центра)

Resuscitation during pregnancy is a rare event (one case per 20,000 pregnancies) with a high mortality rate in mothers (about 45%). It is difficult to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation effectively not only due to specific physiological features of the pregnant but due to difficulties in the development of clinical recommendations which is related to these situations being rare and lacking evidence. The above circumstances make the detail description of each case of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the pregnant highly valuable.The objective of the study: to analyze the number of clinical cases of cardiac arrest with advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the pregnant in one of special perinatal centers from the position of modern international and national recommendations.Subjects and methods. A retrospective descriptive study of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the pregnant was performed in the Special Perinatal Center of Almazov National Medical Research Center.Results. From 2010 to 2017, there were 5 cases of cardiac arrest in the pregnant; the risk of development made 1:3,650. The median gestation time made 39 (37; 40) weeks. All patients had cesarean section during resuscitation in 4 minutes (1; 10) after cardiac arrest developed. The median duration of resuscitation made 12 (2; 19) minutes. Maternal and neonatal survival made 100%. All patients were discharged from the unit with no severe neurologic impairment.Conclusion. Compliance with modern international clinical recommendations significantly improves the prognosis for the pregnant who experienced cardiac arrest. Since the risk of such situations is much higher in the patients of special perinatal centers versus the general population, these centers should develop and adopt local protocols on cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Реанимационные мероприятия во время беременности − редкое явление (один случай на 20 000 беременностей) с высокой материнской летальностью (около 45%). Эффективное выполнение комплекса сердечно-легочной реанимации осложняется не только физиологическими особенностями организма беременной женщины, но и затруднениями в разработке современных клинических рекомендаций, что связано с редкостью таких ситуаций и недостаточной доказательной базой. Эти обстоятельства делают крайне ценным детальное описание каждого случая сердечно-легочной реанимации у беременных.Цель исследования: анализ серии клинических случаев остановки кровообращения с проведением расширенной сердечно-легочной реанимации у беременных из одного специализированного перинатального центра с позиций современных международных и национальных рекомендаций.Материалы и методы. Ретроспективное описательное исследование случаев сердечно-легочной реанимации у беременных в Специализированном перинатальном центре при ФГБУ «НМИЦ им.В.А.Алмазова».Результаты. За период с 2010 по 2017 г. произошло 5 случаев остановки кровообращения у беременных, риск развития составил 1 : 3 650. Медиана срока гестации ‒ 39 (37; 40) нед. Всем пациенткам выполнили кесарево сечение на фоне реанимационных мероприятий через 4 (1; 10) мин после развития остановки кровообращения. Медиана продолжительности реанимационных мероприятий была равна 12 (2; 19) мин. Материнская и неонатальная выживаемость составила 100%. Все пациентки выписаны без грубого неврологического дефицита.Заключение. Соблюдение современных международных клинических рекомендаций значительно улучшает прогноз для беременных, перенесших остановку кровообращения. Поскольку риск развития таких ситуаций у беременных специализированных перинатальных центров значительно превышает таковой в общей популяции, для этих учреждений должны быть разработаны и приняты локальные протоколы по проведению сердечно-легочной реанимации