Pengembangan Materi Self Control Siswa Kelas XI Akutansi 2 Smk Muhammadiyah 2 Pekanbaru T.p. 2015/2016

One of the efforts made in creating a better self control and positif. By increasing the self control to not be involved in matters bad affecting and self harm so as todevelop themselves optimally with positive things. The Refore, researchers found it necessary to develop amaterial about the motivation of the organization which is expected to be used bythe teacher's guidance and counselling to be given to their students. This material was compiled using the method of research and development (R&D). The purpose of thisresearch is 1) Compile the material to the appropriate self control for students of class XI Accounting 2 SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Pekanbaru. 2) To find out the quality of the self control material produced. This material is validated by the supervising lecturer I, supervising lecturer II, teacher of guidance and counseling in the school and 42 Students class XIAccounting 2 SMK Muhammadiyah 2 pekanbaru. This materials are gived to the students with the allocation 4 times (4 x 45 '). This material consists of the meaning of self control, the purpose of self control, types of self control, function of self control, factors that affect the self control, strategy of self control and the benefits of exercise self control for thestudents. Research results from the development of this material shows the quality of the material produced is in the category of "Very Good", with the acquisition of score foroverall assessment of aspects of 4,42

Stability in Time-Delay Systems: Quiet Standing Case Study

The analysis of linear time-delay systems has attracted much interest in the literature over last five decade. Two types of stability conditions, namely delay-independent which results guarantee stability for arbitrarily large delays and delay-dependent, results take into account the maximum delay that can be tolerated by the system and, thus, are more useful in applications. The stability in general for linear time-delay systems, can be checked exactly only by eigenvalue considerations. When reasonable chosen with intentional delays, case study effects on time-delay of ankle torque on the stability of quiet standing, it can be used to stabilize and improve the close-loop response of these systems

Field Survey of Thermal Comfort and Sleep Quality in the Bedrooms with Different Cooling Strategies in Malaysia

This study aims to determine the indoor comfort temperature before sleep and after wake up in air-conditioning (AC) mode with different adaptive cooling strategies. Two units of guest rooms on the university campus were used with a total of 20 participants. The arbitrary-controlled AC setting (case 1) and control of thermostat setting by 3∘C higher than case 1 with installing of cool bed padding (case 2) were employed as cooling strategies in this study. The measurement parameters were indoor and outdoor air temperatures, globe temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, and AC electricity consumption. The questionnaire survey has also been distributed twice a day for “before going to bed” and “after waking up” during measurement simultaneously. It was observed that thermal sensation vote (TSV) indicated for both cases were within -1 ≤ TSV ≤ 1 and respondents might accept the present condition for both cases. Mean thermal preference (TP) in both cases either “before going to bed” and “after waking up” was found mostly close to “0 no change” (0.1 ≤ TP ≤ 0.3) for all cases. Overall comfort (OC) ranged between 4.7 and 4.9 for both cases, indicating for “comfortable.” However, air movement sensation (AMS) shows respondent felt weak airflow inside the room for all ventilation strategies. The skin moisture sensation (SMS) shows value pointed to neutral feeling for all cases. The comfort temperature obtained by Griffiths' method was approximately 24∘C and 25∘C that for case 1 and case 2, respectively. Meanwhile, most of the respondents experienced calmness during sleeping and satisfied with their sleep in both cases. Sleep efficiency index (SEI) shows case 2 was higher rather than case 1. It seems the second adaptive cooling strategy might effective for reducing AC energy consumption by about 32% and increase 2% of SEI without affecting respondents' thermal comfort.     Keywords: thermal comfort, sleep quality, air-conditionin

Investigation of Indoor Thermal Environments in A Two-Story Corner Terrace House in Malaysia

An effective passive cooling strategy is essential for reducing energy consumption in a residential building without ignoring thermal comfort. Therefore, a field measurement on the thermal performance of a corner terrace house in Kuala Lumpur was conducted to reveal the effectiveness of free running (FR) with four different approaches – no ventilation, full ventilation, day ventilation, and night ventilation. The measurement was done for all bedrooms and family area on the first floor. Also, mixed mode (MM) consisting of natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation with ceiling fan, and cooling with an air-conditioner that represents the actual condition of this house was also measured at living and dining area on the ground floor for comparison. The results reveal that FR from all approaches recorded a mean indoor air temperature of approximately 31 ∘C. The actual thermal condition of the house with MM on the ground floor was recorded at 30 ∘C, 1 ∘C lower than FR approach on the first floor. When compared with relevant International standards on predicting indoor comfort temperature based on outdoor temperature, FR was approximately 5 ∘C higher than predicted temperature based on American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 55 (2017), 3.4 ∘C higher than European Standard EN15251 and 1.5 ∘C higher than adaptive thermal comfort equation (ACE) for hot-humid climate. In comparison, MM performed better and was closer to relevant International standards, especially ACE for the hot-humid climate. As a conclusion, FR is not suitable for a hot-humid climate such as Malaysia to achieve a comfortable indoor thermal environment without any assisted ventilation use in MM