Efficiency of developing renewable energy market in Russia

The goal of this study is to systematize and provide a quantitative and qualitative assessment of potential positive economic and non-economic effects of the implementation of a new mechanism for supporting renewable energy in Russia. It should result in achieving the national medium-term objective to increase the share of renewable energy in the wholesale electricity and capacity market to 2.5 % by 2024. The introduction examines the mechanism for supporting the generators of renewable energy by capacity charge in the wholesale electricity and capacity market. It is assumed that the main positive effects from implementing this mechanism will be the replacement of hydrocarbon fuels burned for generating the electricity in traditional coal or gas power plants; improvement in the trade balance; multiplier effects from the development of RES in related industrial sectors, new value added and jobs in the sectors producing the generating and auxiliary equipment for generators; reduction of carbon dioxide emissions; decrease in average prices in the wholesale electricity market; reduction of expenditure on environmental activities and measures to protect the health in the territories with traditional power plants; additional scal charges. As a result, the quantification of these effects amounts to 47.77 billion rubles in 2024. The authors rely on the experience of foreign countries, expert estimates, forecasts by the Russian Ministry of Energy and the Ministry of Economic Development, research by the Russian Energy Agency, International Energy Agency, International Renewable Energy Agency, Community for Renewable Energy Policy in the 21st Century (REN21), statistics of Russian Federal State Statistics Service

EFFECT OF HOT ROLLING MODES OF DIRECTLY QUENCHED ON THE FORMATION OF THE CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC TEXTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CHROMIUM-NICKEL-MOLYBDENUM STEEL

Для установления влияния режимов горячей деформации при идентичных условиях закалки и отпуска на формирование структуры, текстуры и свойств толстолистового проката из хромоникельмолибденовой стали выполнен анализ структур проката методом дифракции обратно рассеянных электронов (EBSD) и сравнение с результатами металлографических исследований. Согласно полученным результатам, увеличение наклепа деформированного аустенита приводит к формированию высокотемпературного бейнита в процессе последующего термического улучшения и, как следствие, изменению механических свойств.To determination the effect of hot rolling modes under identical quenching and tempering conditions on the formation of the structure, texture and properties of thick-rolled chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel, the analysis of the final structures of sheet metal by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was performed and compared with the results of metallographic studies. According to the results obtained, an increase in the hardening of deformed austenite leads to the formation of high-temperature bainite in the process of heat treatment and a change in mechanical properties

Use of Polysiloxane Coatings to Fight Against Biodamages of Wooden Architecture Monuments

This study presents the results of a search for ways to prevent biodestructive processes, occurring in the natural environment of wooden architecture monuments localization. On the Sviyazhsk island since the 16th century an unique site of wooden architecture of the Volga region has been preserved. It is the Trinity Church, the only building, although rebuilt over the centuries, that has survived from the wooden medieval island-town. Climate changes, cultural tourism and living organisms activities make a significant contribution to the change in the initial state of the tree. The greatest contribution to the processes of biodamage is made by mold fungi – micromycetes. Experimental work carried out on a fragmentary sample of a structural element of the Trinity Church revealed that coating the surface of the sample with a synthetic varnish based on a mixture of linear and cyclic methylmethoxypolysiloxanes prevents the growth of microscopic fungi on the surface, among which Aspergillus niger dominates. The growth area of the sample is reduced by about 6 times compared to the untreated variant. By artificial infection of samples with spores of Aspergillus niger, Penicillus chrysogenum, Fusarium graminearum and Aspergillus puulaauensis, the growth area of varnished samples also decreases by 7 times, and the number of conidiophores, reflecting the growth of micromycetes, by 4 times. The obtained results make it possible to recommend the use of polysiloxane coatings for the protection of especially important fragments of wooden artifacts

INNOVATION STRUCTURE FOR RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AT THE UNIVERSITY

The article deals with the role of the International Innovative University in the national science development. The innovative structure for the of the organization research activities attheUniversity including research institutes, sceintific laboratories, and innovation, technology and consulting centres is considered. The university accomplishes fundamental research, applied research and development, implementation of study results into educational process and into practice. The university possesses its own business incubator for commercialization of study research and for aquiring professional skills by students

Copper-Modified Titania-Based Photocatalysts for the Efficient Hydrogen Production under UV and Visible Light from Aqueous Solutions of Glycerol

In this study, we have proposed titania-based photocatalysts modified with copper compounds for hydrogen evolution. Thermal pre-treatment of commercial TiO2 Degussa P25 (DTiO2) and Hombifine N (HTiO2) in the range from 600 to 800 °C was carried out followed by the deposition of copper oxides (1–10 wt. % of Cu). The morphology and chemical state of synthesized photocatalysts were studied using X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and XANES/EXAFS X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Photocatalytic activity was tested in the hydrogen evolution from aqueous solutions of glycerol under ultraviolet (λ = 381 nm) and visible (λ = 427 nm) light. The photocatalysts 2% CuOx/DTiO2 T750 and 5% CuOx/DTiO2 T700 showed the highest activity under UV irradiation (λ = 380 nm), with the rate of H2 evolution at the level of 2.5 mmol (H2) g−1 h−1. Under the visible light irradiation (λ = 427 nm), the highest activity of 0.6 mmol (H2) g−1 h−1 was achieved with the 5% CuOx/DTiO2 T700 photocatalyst. The activity of these photocatalysts is 50% higher than that of the platinized 1% Pt/DTiO2 sample. Thus, it was shown for the first time that a simple heat treatment of a commercial titanium dioxide in combination with a deposition of non-noble metal particles led to a significant increase in the activity of photocatalysts and made it possible to obtain materials that were active in hydrogen production under visible light irradiation