Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of pitavastatin to monocytes/macrophages inhibits left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction by inhibiting monocyte-mediated inflammation

Left ventricular (LV) remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) causes heart failure. Although medical therapies including angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors show inhibitory effects on post-infarct LV remodeling, the prognosis of patients with post-infarct heart failure is still poor. Accumulating evidence suggests that an inflammatory response is implicated in the process of post-infarct LV remodeling. Therefore, we hypothesized that anti-inflammatory therapy by nanoparticle-mediated monocyte/macrophage-targeting delivery of pitavastatin may protect the heart from post-infarct LV remodeling.Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to permanent coronary ligation and pitavastatin-incorporating nanoparticles (Pitavastatin-NPs) were intravenously injected for 3 to 5 consecutive days. Pitavastatin-NPs were delivered to CD11b+ monocytes/macrophages, but not to cardiomyocytes. Treatment with Pitavastatin-NPs after establishment of MI attenuated post-infarct LV remodeling accompanied by a reduction of monocytes/macrophages in the heart, whereas pitavastatin solution treatment did not. Pitavastatin-NPs inhibited mobilization of monocytes from the spleen after MI. In mice after splenectomy, Pitavastatin-NPs still decreased the number of monocytes/macrophages in the infarcted heart and inhibited post-infarct LV remodeling.Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of pitavastatin to monocytes/macrophages may be a novel therapeutic strategy to protect the heart from post-infarct LV remodeling. Inhibition of monocyte mobilization from the bone marrow is one of the major mechanisms by which Pitavastatin-NPs attenuated post-infarct LV remodeling

Anticoagulant Property of a Sulfated Polysaccharide with Unique Structural Characteristics from the Green Alga <i>Chaetomorpha aerea</i>

Sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae have attracted a great amount of attentions for the development of marine drugs due to their unique structural features, and they are great potential sources of naturally occurring anticoagulant agents. The genus Chaetomorpha is one of the largest genera in green algae and has a worldwide distribution. In the present study, a homogeneous polysaccharide from Chaetomorpha aerea, designated as PCA, was obtained by alkali extraction, anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Based on the results of chemical and spectroscopic analyses, PCA was a sulfated galactoarabinan which was mainly constituted of a backbone of →4)-β-l-Arap-(1→ unit, partially sulfated at C-3 of →4)-β-l-Arap-(1→ and C-4 of →6)-α-d-Galp-(1→. The side chains consisting of →6)-α-d-Galp-(1→ and →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues were in C-2 of →4)-β-l-Arap-(1→ unit. PCA had a strong anticoagulant activity in vitro as evaluated by the assays of activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and fibrinogen level. The obvious anticoagulant activity in vivo of PCA was also found. PCA significantly inhibited the activities of the intrinsic coagulation factors XII, XI, IX and VIII, and exhibited weak inhibition effects on the common coagulation factors II and X. The anticoagulant mechanism of PCA was attributed to strong thrombin inhibition potentiated by heparin cofactor II or antithrombin III, and it also possessed an apparent inhibition effect on coagulation factor Xa mediated by antithrombin III. The investigation demonstrated that PCA could be a promising anticoagulant agent for health promotion and the treatment of thrombotic diseases

RESEACH ON GEARING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SCRAPER CONVEYOR SPROCKET AND CHAIN HOOP

The chain system is the key part of the scraper conveyor,the sprocket and the chain hoop is key component of the chain system. The engaging force between the sprocket and the chain hoop and the abrasion of the influence each other. In order to research the connection of the engaging force between the sprocket and the chain hoop,we first established the visual prototyping model based on the MSC. ADAMS and analyzed the touch dynamics quality between sprocket and chink hoop when the scraper conveyor starts and are operated for a long time. We acquired the change law of the contact resultant force tangential force and normal force when the sprocket and the chain hoop are engaging,and the maximum engaging force and the corresponding position. Finally we analyzed the engaging force when the sprocket and chain hoop during the engaging progress based on the software of LS-DYNA,and indicated that the maximum engaging force and corresponding position,which provides a reference for the study of the engaging dynamics of sprocket and the chain hoop

The effect of maxillary molar distalization with clear aligner: a 4D finite-element study with staging simulation

Abstract Introduction Long-term simulation of tooth movement is crucial for clear aligner (CA) treatment. This study aimed to investigate the effect of maxillary molar distalization with CA via an automatic staging simulation. Method A finite-element method (FEM) model of maxillary dentition, periodontal ligaments, attachments, and corresponding CA was established, and a prescribed 2-mm distalization with 0.1 mm each step of the second molar was simulated. The long-term tooth movement under orthodontic force was simulated with an iterative computation method. The morphologic changes of CA during staging were simulated with the thermal expansion method. Results Twenty steps of molar distalization were simulated. Significant distal tilting of the second molar was revealed, along with the proclination of anterior teeth, which caused the ‘reversed bow effect’. For the second molar, 4.63°distal tilting at the 20th step was revealed. The intrusion of the incisors and the second molar were 0.43 mm, 0.39 mm, and 0.45 mm, respectively, at step 20. All the anterior teeth showed a proclination of approximately 1.41°–2.01° at the 20th step. The expression rate of the designed distalization of the second molar was relatively low (approximately 68%) compared to the high efficacy of interdental space opening between molars with CA (approximately 89%). Conclusion A novel method of simulating long-term molar distalization with CA with FEM was developed. The FEM results suggested distal tilting of the second molar and the proclination of anterior teeth during the molar distalization

ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE LIFTING TYPE STEREO PARKING FRAME OF INTELLIGENT MECHANICS

Althought Simple jack-up type intelligence stereo parking space to ease the parking problem in public,its bedplate frame occurred deformation in the process of rising. reduced stereo parking space stability,shorten the working life of the stereo parking space. Deformation of the frame belongs to the nonlinear structure problem. First established the mechanical model framework to solve the deformation of frame,and caculated the overturning moment,bearing force,the strength of the frame.Second using finite element analysis software ANSYS-workbench module to the rotary column in the 0°and 90°two condition of the framework for the calculation of mechanical property simulation,in order to obtained the deformation amount,the deformation direction the principal stress and the maximum stress position under the two conditions. Finally,the deformation test of the sample machine with software of test system. According to the test result validates the mechanical model,according to the analysis result showed the problems,and proposed frame suggestions for improvement,provided an important reference value to improve the stereo parking space stability

A Three-Dimensional Tracking Method with the Self-Calibration Functions of Coaxiality and Magnification for Single Fluorescent Nanoparticles

A self-calibrating variable magnification three-dimensional (3D) tracking system for single fluorescent nanoparticles is proposed. The system was based on astigmatic micro-imaging and has a simple configuration incorporating a dual-spot position detection unit ray transfer matrix. By analyzing this matrix and utilizing the beam vector measurement of a dual-spot position detection unit, it was demonstrated that the proposed tracking system had the self-calibration functions of coaxiality and magnification; thus, it could accurately track the adopted fluorescent nanoparticles through zoom microscopical measurements in 3D. The available measurements of the proposed system and accuracy were experimentally validated

Structural Analysis of Oxidized Sucrose and Its Application as a Crease-Resistant Crosslinking Agent

Oxidized sucrose is a non-formaldehyde crosslinking agent with many applications in polymer crosslinking and modification, such as in the preparation of starch films and protein films. However, research on the structure of oxidized sucrose is lacking. In this paper, oxidized sucrose was synthesized through selective oxidation of sodium periodate. By LC-MS, FTIR, TGA, NMR, and HRMS analyses, it was shown that oxidized sucrose existed in the form of a hydrate, and the tetraaldehyde oxidized sucrose could isomerize into the form of two six-membered hemiacetal rings. The structure of oxidized sucrose was also verified by theoretical calculations. Furthermore, the diffusional properties of oxidized sucrose were investigated by the rolling-film method. Finally, it was found that oxidized sucrose used as a crosslinking agent could effectively improve the wrinkle recovery performance of cotton fabrics

The application of optimization design in stomatology: A literature review

This literature review aims to determine the applications of optimization design in the field of stomatology, to investigate its current usages, methods and benefits. This review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The electronic literature search was performed through MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science databases with a 10-year time restriction: January 2012 till April 2022. Abundant studies focused on optimization design of dental implants, maxillofacial surgery fixation plates or implants, prosthodontics were published. Shape optimization has been commonly used in implant prostheses, and various studies have proved it to be an effective method to improve initial stability and reduce maximum stress. Shape optimization and topology optimization have been widely used in maxillofacial surgery to reduce strain, volume, and weight of internal fixation plates or bone block implants. The lack of further in vivo and in invitro tests is one of the main limitations of current published studies

Scale Analysis of Wavelet Regularization Inversion and Its Improved Algorithm for Dynamic Light Scattering

In the large inversion range, the wavelet-regularization inversion method (WRIM) is an effective method for improving the inversion accuracy of dynamic light scattering (DLS) data. However, the initial decomposition scale (IDS) of this method has a great effect on the inversion accuracy. The particle size distribution (PSD) obtained from inappropriate IDS is not optimal. We analyze the effect of the different IDS on the inversion result in this paper. The results show that IDS of the smallest relative error should be chosen as the optimal IDS. However, because the true PSD is unknown in the practical measurements, this optimal IDS criterion is infeasible. Therefore, we propose an application criterion determining the optimal IDS. Based on this criterion, an improved WRIM with the optimal IDS is established. By the improved WRIM, high accuracy inversion PSD is obtained from DLS data. The simulated and experimental data demonstrate the effectiveness of this algorithm. Besides, we also further study the effect of the data noise on the optimal IDS. These studies indicate that the optimal IDS usually shows a downward trend with an increase of noise level