Association of sleep behaviors, insulin resistance surrogates, and the risk of hypertension in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

ObjectiveOur aim was to evaluate the association between midday napping, combined sleep quality, and insulin resistance surrogates and the risk of hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsData were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of hypertension. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were grouped as categorical variables and unpaired two-sided Student’s t-test and Spearman correlation analysis were performed to estimate the association between different blood pressure levels and insulin resistance surrogates.ResultsThe overall prevalence rate of hypertension was 50%. Age (OR = 1.056, 95% CI:1.044–1.068), poor sleep quality (OR = 1.959, 95% CI:1.393–2.755), hyperlipidemia (OR = 1.821, 95% CI:1.462–2.369), family history of hypertension (OR = 2.811, 95% CI:2.261–3.495), and obesity (OR = 5.515, 95% CI:1.384–21.971) were significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension. Midday napping for 1–30 min was negatively correlated with the risk of hypertension (OR = 0.534, 95% CI:0.305–0.936, P <0.05).ConclusionPoor sleep quality and obesity are independent risk factors for hypertension. Midday napping (1–30 min) is associated with a decreased risk of hypertension in patients with T2DM

Construction of pyridines and indoles via azide-imine tandem reactions

The abstract should briefly state the problem or purpose of the research, indicate the theoretical or experimental plan used, summarize the principal findings, and point out the major conclusions. Abstract length is one paragraph

Recent Progress in Methylation of (Hetero)Arenes by Cross-Coupling or C-H Activation

Owing to the 'magic methyl effect' on a compound's physical and biological properties, methylation is a strategy frequently used by medicinal chemists in structure-activity relationship studies or in lead optimization. This article highlights the most recent reported methods for the direct methylation of (hetero)arenes, which mainly involve either C-H functionalization or cross-coupling of methylating reagents with (hetero)aryl halides. Methylation of C-H bonds of (hetero)-arenes, which is atom economical, has been explored by several research groups in recent years. Given the unmatchable availability of (hetero)aryl halides, we believe that Ni-catalyzed methylation using iodomethane or deuterated iodomethane as the methyl source is one of the most convenient methods

Negative Cooperativity in the Binding of Imidazolium and Viologen Ions to a Pillar[5]arene-Crown Ether Fused Host

A pillar[5]­arene-crown ether fused bicyclic host <b>1</b> was found to be able to recognize an imidazolium ion <b>G1</b> by its pillar[5]­arene subunit and a viologen ion <b>G2</b> by its crown ether receptor discriminatively. The simultaneous binding of <b>G1</b> and <b>G2</b> by <b>1</b> resulted in the formation of a three-component host–guest complex <b>G1⊂1⊃G2</b>. Negative heterotropic cooperative effects were displayed by <b>G1</b> and <b>G2</b> in their binding to <b>1</b> and were investigated by stepwise bindings of <b>G1</b> and <b>G2</b> to <b>1</b>

A1/A2-Diamino-Substituted Pillar[5]arene-Based Acid–Base-Responsive Host–Guest System

An acid–base-responsive supramolecular host–guest system based on a planarly chiral A1/A2-diamino-substituted pillar[5]­arene (<b>1</b>)/imidazolium ion recognition motif was created. The pillar[4]­arene[1]­diaminobenzene <b>1</b> can bring an electron-deficient imidazolium cation into its cylindrically shaped cavity under neutral or basic conditions and release it under acidic conditions

Tetranitro-oxacalix[4]crown-Based Host–Guest Recognition Motif and a Related [2]Rotaxane-Based Molecular Switch

Different from so far reported oxacalix[4]­crown-based host–guest motifs in which oxacalix[4]­crowns act only as hydrogen bond acceptors, a [2]­pseudorotaxane-type tetranitro-oxacalix[4]­crown/urea host–guest recognition motif was developed in which tetranitro-oxacalix[4]­crown played a role as both a hydrogen bond donor and an acceptor to stabilize the resulting supramolecular complex. Furthermore, on the basis of a [2]­pseudorotaxane complex formed from a tetranitro-oxacalix[4]­crown and an axle containing a secondary ammonium ion and a urea group, a [2]­rotaxane-based molecular switch was created, in which the oxacalix[4]­crown wheel was able to reversibly translocate between the secondary ammonium binding site and the urea binding site of the axle under acid–base stimulation

A Shape-Persistent Cryptand for Capturing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

A shape-persistent cryptand <b>1</b>, containing two face-to-face oriented electron-deficient 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine units separated by approximately 7 Å, and bridged by two rigid 1,8-naphthyridine linkers and a pentaethylene oxide loop, is created for capturing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Cryptand <b>1</b> formed 1:1 complexes with PAH guest molecules, such as phenanthrene (<b>6</b>), anthracene (<b>7</b>), pyrene (<b>8</b>), triphenylene (<b>9</b>), and tetraphene (<b>10</b>). The single-crystal structure of complex <b>6⊂1</b> revealed that <b>6</b> was included in the cavity of <b>1</b> via face-to-face π···π stacking interactions. Soaking crystalline <b>1</b> in a toluene solution of anthracene resulted in anthracene from the toluene solution being picked up by the crystalline solid of <b>1</b>

Selectivity and Cooperativity in the Binding of Multiple Guests to a Pillar[5]arene–Crown Ether Fused Tricyclic Host

A novel tricylic host molecule <b>1</b> that consists of two pillar[5]­arene units and a crown ether ring was found to selectively bind two kinds of guest molecules with different shapes, sizes, and electronic constitutions, namely 1,4-dicyanobutane <b>G1</b> and paraquat <b>G2</b>, with its two macrocyclic subunits, to form a four-component complex <b>2G1⊂1⊃G2</b>. An ¹H NMR study of stepwise bindings of <b>G1</b> and <b>G2</b> to host <b>1</b> in CDCl₃/DMSO-<i>d</i>₆ revealed that the strength of the association between complex <b>2G1⊂1</b> and guest <b>G2</b> was only one-fourth of that between free <b>1</b> and <b>G2</b>, demonstrating a negative heterotropic cooperativity of <b>G1</b> in the binding of <b>G2</b> to host <b>1</b>