Perinatal mortality among immigrants from Africa´s Horn: The importance of experience, rationality, and tradition for risk assessment in pregnancy and childbirth

This thesis is an exploration of the possible effects of maternal country of origin on the risk of perinatal mortality (PNM). Increased risk of PNM was found among infants of foreign-born women delivering in a Swedish hospital between 1990-1995. After adjustment for risk factors, however, the finding only held true for a subgroup of women from Ethiopia and Somalia (ES). In searching for the mechanism behind this observation, an anthropological study of Somali women was undertaken, yielding the hypothesis that experiences and notions of childbirth brought from their country of origin resulted in certain beliefs and pregnancy strategies of which Swedish caregivers were unaware. These factors, combined with miscommunication, may have occasioned sub-optimal care and heightened the risk of PNM. In order to test this hypothesis, an audit of all perinatal deaths to ES mothers in Sweden was compared to a matched cohort of Swedish women. Sub-optimal factors associated with PNM were noted with significantly greater frequency among the ES mothers. The audit showed that potentially avoidable deaths (e.g., intrapartal and neonatal deaths, as well as SGA stillbirths) could be related to maternal pregnancy strategies (such as avoiding C/S or not seeking perinatal care when needed), deficiencies in medical care (inadequate surveillance of IUGR or intrapartal CTG), and verbal miscommunication. However, no association was found between female circumcision and PNM. Circumcised women had in fact a lower risk of prolonged labour, and had a significantly shorter second stage of labour, as compared to non-circumcised women. It was concluded that the higher incidence of PNM appears partly to be due to an unfortunate interaction between certain pregnancy strategies practices by ES women and the performance of Swedish perinatal care services. The pregnancy strategies in question were related to poor health care experience, rationality, and tradition regarding childbirth in their countries of origin. Lack of awareness of these circumstances could be linked to sub-optimal perinatal care in the many of the instances studied. A greater familiarity among clinicians in the Swedish perinatal health care services with this background may decrease the risk of PNM in ES women by focusing on patient education, interpersonal communication, and improved foetal surveillance. The assertion made in the past linking PNM to prolonged labour due to circumcision in a high resource country like Sweden, found little support in this study

The Magnet Hospital Concept is an Ideological Approach to Job Satisfaction and Quality of Care: A Systematic Review

Background: Healthcare services required effective intervention based on nursing care and services. In the early ages of advanced and scientific healthcare concerns. There were few excellent nurses who could perform scientific healthcare services to the patient. Therefore, to maintain healthcare decorum. It was important to address the excellence of healthcare performance among the nurses.Aim: the aim was to establish the best available evidence on the impact of the "Magnetic Hospital" designation on outcomes for both nurses and clinical patients.Method: A systematic review was conducted in the past literature published in English language by using targeted keywords. Results: The strongest evidence thrown by the results of the review confirms the positive impact of the accreditation as "Magnetic Hospital" in the work environment perceived by nursing as well as in the association with lower levels of emotional exhaustion, greater job satisfaction, and a greater intention to remain in their job. Conclusion: Magnet hospitals holds better outcomes as Job satisfaction can lead nurses towards better healthcare outcomes which are patient satisfaction and can produce healthy results on the reliance and productivity of such hospitals

Aspects of the Narratives of Slavery in the Afro-American Literature as Represented by Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass’ Works

Harriet Ann Jacobs’ Incidents in the life of a Slave Girl (1861) and Frederick Douglass’ Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave (1845) are two very significant works to show slave narratives Afro-American Literature. They provide many aspects in attempting to portray the complex sufferings and different kinds of frustrations, especially that the threat to the existence of their families and their rights as human beings in American society. The works present real stories and scenes lived by both writers in that dark era. The article makes a kind of comparison between them to highlight how both sexes suffered to the same extent. Jacobs represented the female side while Douglass represented the male side of black slaves in America through their works. The article aims to shed light on the brutal effect of slave and the crimes of the racist white American people upon these vulnerable people in a society of an ideal country in which the worst forms of racism are still practiced and the murder of George Floyd’s crime is not far from us. Therefore, it is the duty of the free people of the whole world to expose these heinous acts and work to prevent them and support the oppressed