Correspondence analysis of endophytes and tissues.

<p>The legends see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0046785#pone-0046785-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2</a>.</p

Colonization and isolation frequency of fungal endophytes from <i>A. ginnala.</i>

<p>Colonization and isolation frequency of fungal endophytes from <i>A. ginnala.</i></p

Relative frequency of fungal endophytes from <i>A. ginnala</i>.

<p>Relative frequency (RF) means isolate frequency of a given endophyte divided by the sum of isolate frequencies of all endophytes×100.</p

Media effect on species isolated from <i>A. ginnala.</i>

<p>Alt: <i>Alternaria</i> sp.; Pen: <i>Penicillium</i> sp.; Neu: <i>Neurospora</i> sp.; Cla: <i>Cladosporium</i> sp.; Phoma: <i>Phoma</i> sp.; Fus: <i>Fusarium</i> sp.; Phomo: <i>Phomopsis</i> sp.; Non: Pleosporales <i>Incertae Sedis</i> sp.; Tri: <i>Trichoderma</i> sp.; Epc: <i>Epicoccum</i> sp.</p

Principal component analysis of media effect on fungal endophytes isolation.

<p>A, loading plot; B, score plot. The legends see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0046785#pone-0046785-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2</a>.</p

Principal Component Analysis on the effect of media.

<p>Alt: <i>Alternaria</i> sp.; Pen: <i>Penicillium</i> sp.; Neu: <i>Neurospora</i> sp.; Cla: <i>Cladosporium</i> sp.; Phoma: <i>Phoma</i> sp.; Fus: <i>Fusarium</i> sp.; Phomo: <i>Pomopsis</i> sp.; Non: Pleosporales <i>Incertae Sedis</i> sp.; Tri: <i>Trichoderma</i> sp.; Epc: <i>Epicoccum</i> sp. Loadings over 0.7 were in bold.</p>*<p>:percentage of variance.</p>#<p>:Cumulative percentage.</p

Clustal analysis of tissues.

<p>The dendrogram was drawn by PAST with Bray-Curtis’s similarity. The numbers on the branches were the support percentage from10000 bootstraps.</p

α diversity indices and bootstrapping comparison between tissues.

<p>Whole tree represented by Bark + Xylem + Seed + Annual twig while perennial twig by Bark +Xylem.</p

Genome-Scale Transcriptome Analysis in Response to Nitric Oxide in Birch Cells: Implications of the Triterpene Biosynthetic Pathway

<div><p>Evidence supporting nitric oxide (NO) as a mediator of plant biochemistry continues to grow, but its functions at the molecular level remains poorly understood and, in some cases, controversial. To study the role of NO at the transcriptional level in <i>Betula platyphylla</i> cells, we conducted a genome-scale transcriptome analysis of these cells. The transcriptome of untreated birch cells and those treated by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were analyzed using the Solexa sequencing. Data were collected by sequencing cDNA libraries of birch cells, which had a long period to adapt to the suspension culture conditions before SNP-treated cells and untreated cells were sampled. Among the 34,100 UniGenes detected, BLASTX search revealed that 20,631 genes showed significant (E-values≤10⁻⁵) sequence similarity with proteins from the NR-database. Numerous expressed sequence tags (i.e., 1374) were identified as differentially expressed between the 12 h SNP-treated cells and control cells samples: 403 up-regulated and 971 down-regulated. From this, we specifically examined a core set of NO-related transcripts. The altered expression levels of several transcripts, as determined by transcriptome analysis, was confirmed by qRT-PCR. The results of transcriptome analysis, gene expression quantification, the content of triterpenoid and activities of defensive enzymes elucidated NO has a significant effect on many processes including triterpenoid production, carbohydrate metabolism and cell wall biosynthesis.</p></div

Changes in oleanolic acid content among the control (CK), 0.01 mM, 0.1 mM, 1 mM, and 10 mM SNP groups at different times.

<p>Different letters represent significant difference (P<0.05).</p