Atomic-scale flattening of SiC surfaces by electroless chemical etching in HF solution with Pt catalyst

The authors present a method for flattening SiC surfaces with Pt as a catalyst in HF solution. The mechanism for flattening SiC surfaces is discussed. The flattened 4H-SiC (0001) surface is composed of alternating wide and narrow terraces with single-bilayer-height steps, which are induced by the rate difference of the catalytic reactions between adjacent terraces. Scanning tunneling microscopy images reveal a 1×1 phase on the terraces. The 1×1 phase is composed of coexisting of F- and OH-terminated Si atoms, which originate from the polarization of the underlying Si-C bonds. © 2007 American Institute of Physics.Kenta Arima, Hideyuki Hara, et al. "Atomic-scale flattening of SiC surfaces by electroless chemical etching in HF solution with Pt catalyst", Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(20), 202106 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2739084

Risk Finance in Music Live Business

There might be no other business that has high uncertainty like Live Entertainment Business. This is because the success and failure of this business depend a great deal on the unscientific element which is the individual taste, and it is consistently exposed to unpredictable risks such as a natural disaster or a sudden accident. In this study we study Live Entertainment Business from a viewpoint of Risk Management by using its traditional framework. Specifically, we identify the risk of Live Entertainment Business, and discuss the risk treatment measure of the concert promoters (company to plan and conduct concerts) from the perspective of Risk Finance. And it is revealed from the consideration of this research that the strategic choice and implementation of insurances by the concert producers has the key to success of Risk Finance of Live Entertainment Business

イノベーション ト サンギョウ コウゾウ ブンセキ ニ カンスル イチコウサツ

本稿は、企業のイノベーション戦略の選択における産業構造分析の有用性について論じている。具体的には、ファイヴ・フォース分析と産業進化の4類型という2つのフレームワークの理論的な貢献と限界について論じ、産業構造分析の理論的展開を整理しつつ、産業進化の4類型による音楽産業の産業構造分析を行う。その結果、産業進化の4類型が、ファイヴ・フォース分析の理論的問題点を補完するとともに、企業による最適なイノベーション戦略の選択に必要な3つの要素((1)産業の変化パターンの理解、(2)産業の発展の方向性の予測、(3)経営資源の陳腐化の状態の把握)を提供するフレームワークであることが明らかになる。そこで、これら3つの要素を手がかりに、現在の音楽産業の企業にとって有効なイノベーション戦略について考察する。This research paper discusses the availability of Industry Structure Analysis in company\u27s Innovation Strategy Selection. Specifically, this paper discusses both theoretical contribution and bound of two frameworks, Five Forces Analysis and Four Trajectories of Industry Evolution, and conducts Industry Structure Analysis of music industry by the use of Four Trajectories of Industry Evolution with organizing the theoretical evolution of Industry Structure Analysis. The results show that Four Trajectories of Industry Evolution complements theoretical problems of Five Forces Analysis, and that it provides the three factors,(1)Comprehension of pattern in industrial change,(2)Prediction in the direction of development of industry,(3)Concept of the obsolescence condition of management resources, for which company makes a good choice of Innovation Strategy. Therefore, this paper considers the successful innovation strategy for companies in the current music industry, based on these three factors which are the clue provided by Four Trajectories of Industry Evolution

コンサート プロモーター ノ リスク ファイナンス

ライヴエンタテインメントビジネスほど不確実性の高いビジネスはない。なぜなら、このビジネスは、成否が人の嗜好という非科学的な要素に大きく左右され、常に自然災害や突発的事故などの予測不能なリスクにさらされているからである。本稿は、このリスクの塊のようなライヴエンタテインメントビジネスのリスクマネジメントについて考究する。具体的には、ライヴエンタテインメントビジネスのリスクを特定するとともに、リスクファイナンスの観点からコンサートプロモーター(コンサート企画運営会社)のリスク対応について分析と考察を行う。本稿から、コンサートプロデューサーによる戦略的な保険選択の実践が、コンサートプロモーターのリスクファイナンスの成功の鍵を握ることが明らかになる。There is no other business that has high uncertainty like Live Entertainment Business. This isbecause the success and failure of this business depend a great deal on the unscientific element whichis the individual taste, and it is consistently exposed to unpredictable risks such as a natural disasteror a sudden accident. This research paper investigate the Risk Management of Live EntertainmentBusiness just like the lump of the risk. Specifically, We identify the risk of Live EntertainmentBusiness, and discuss the risk countermeasure of the concert promoters (company that plan andconduct concerts )from the perspective of Risk Finance. And it is revealed from the consideration ofthis research paper that the strategic choice and implementation of insurances by the concertproducers has the key to success of Risk Finance of Live Entertainment Business

Successful cricothyrotomy for emergency airway management : a case report

A ６０ year-old male was brought to our emergency department by ambulance due to sudden onset of dyspnea. On examination, he was in coma since his level of consciousness decreased during transport, blood pressure was １９９／１１１mmHg, heart rate was１００ beats per minute, respirations were １０ per minute, blood oxygen saturation level（SpO２）was１００％ via assisted ventilation with Bag-Valve-Mask, and stridor was heard on auscultation. Those findings indicated airway emergency and endotracheal intubation was required. However, attempts at intubation were unsuccessful due to restriction of mouth opening. Muscle relaxant was then given to perform rapid sequence intubation, which caused vomiting. Failure to ventilation and intubation resulted in cardiopulmonary arrest. Chest compression was started immediately and decision for cricothyrotomy was made. １０ minute after cricothyrotomy, he revived. Subsequently, systemic management including therapeutic normothermia was performed at intensive care unit, then he regained consciousness. He was discharged １ month after admission

人総研シンポジウム抄録 : 福島原発事故12年の経験から学ぶ -当時小学生だった若者達との対話から(第2回)-

departmental bulletin pape

Anti-Tumor Effect against Human Cancer Xenografts by a Fully Human Monoclonal Antibody to a Variant 8-Epitope of CD44R1 Expressed on Cancer Stem Cells

BACKGROUND: CD44 is a major cellular receptor for hyaluronic acids. The stem structure of CD44 encoded by ten normal exons can be enlarged by ten variant exons (v1-v10) by alternative splicing. We have succeeded in preparing MV5 fully human IgM and its class-switched GV5 IgG monoclonal antibody (mAb) recognizing the extracellular domain of a CD44R1 isoform that contains the inserted region coded by variant (v8, v9 and v10) exons and is expressed on the surface of various human epithelial cancer cells. METHODS AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We demonstrated the growth inhibition of human cancer xenografts by a GV5 IgG mAb reshaped from an MV5 IgM. The epitope recognized by MV5 and GV5 was identified to a v8-coding region by the analysis of mAb binding to various recombinant CD44 proteins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. GV5 showed preferential reactivity against various malignant human cells versus normal human cells assessed by flow cytometry and immunohistological analysis. When ME180 human uterine cervix carcinoma cells were subcutaneously inoculated to athymic mice with GV5, significant inhibition of tumor formation was observed. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injections of GV5markedly inhibited the growth of visible established tumors from HSC-3 human larynx carcinoma cells that had been subcutaneously transplanted one week before the first treatment with GV5. From in vitro experiments, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and internalization of CD44R1 seemed to be possible mechanisms for in vivo anti-tumor activity by GV5. CONCLUSIONS: CD44R1 is an excellent molecular target for mAb therapy of cancer, possibly superior to molecules targeted by existing therapeutic mAb, such as Trastuzumab and Cetuximab recognizing human epidermal growth factor receptor family

The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19患者由来の血液細胞における遺伝子発現の網羅的解析 --重症度に応じた遺伝子発現の変化には、ヒトゲノム配列の個人差が影響する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-23.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target