Assay of Genetic Architecture for Identification of Waterlogging Tolerant Pigeonpea Germplasm

The experiment was conducted to identify the waterlogging stress tolerant genotypes in pigeonpea. Waterlogging treatment was given to the plants at vegetative stage after treatment the survival rate was assessed. Out of 128 germplasm pool, 38 survived and the survival rate was estimated along with Mahalanobis D2 cluster analysis. The range of survival percentage for both pot and field were found between 26.6 and 73.3 with the standard deviation of 14.82 for pot screening and 14.29 for field screening. The pot survival percentage mean for all 38 accessions were found higher than field survival which clearly indicates that environment poses an effect on the performance of the genotypes. The Mahalanobis cluster analysis revealed five clusters. Out of five clusters, two were found comparatively tolerant than the others. The tolerant germplasm can also be used as donor parents in hybridization programs for development of water logging-tolerant genotypes. The identified tolerant germplasms may be utilized to incorporate waterlogging tolerance in the short-duration pigeonpea pool

Utility of first trimester ultrasound before 12 weeks of gestation at tertiary care centre in western India

Background: The first trimester begins on the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP) and lasts until the end of 12 weeks of gestation. Transvaginal ultrasound is modality of choice for establishing the presence of an intrauterine pregnancy in the first trimester. The focus of our study is routine early pregnancy ultrasound. The purpose of this study was to diagnose various conditions of pregnancy at an early stage by using ultrasound.Methods: We conducted retrospective data analysis of random 250 pregnant patients who had undergone first-trimester ultrasonography USG) (transvaginal/abdominal) in their first antenatal visit at S.V.P. Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India from March 2021 to February 2022. The patient was selected by a simple randomized method. Maternal age, parity, gestational age, and special features regarding maternal gestational history were compared with USG findings. Patients were divided into 13 groups on the basis of ultrasonographic diagnosis.Results: We noted 76.8% of patients had single, viable, intrauterine pregnancies, while 23.2% had complicated pregnancies with uterine anomalies, ovarian cysts, leiomyoma, caesarean scar pregnancy or subchorionic hematomas.Conclusions: Ultrasound measurement of fetus in first trimester is most accurate method to confirm gestational age. It is less expensive and easily available modality. First-trimester ultrasound is useful to define embryonic landmarks in developmental stages with reference to gestational age, early diagnosis of miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, molar pregnancy, multifetal pregnancy, major fetal malformation. And also, to diagnose pregnancy with leiomyoma, caesarean scar pregnancy, uterine anomaly and pre-eclampsia with the help of uterine artery PI

Validation of molecular markers linked to low glucosinolate QTLs for marker assisted selection in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss)

Not AvailableSix earlier reported markers closely linked to low glucosinolate QTLs of Brassica juncea, spread across ‘A’ genome (A2, A3 and A9) were validated in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of a cross between Pusa Mustard-21 (low erucic acid) and EC-597325 (double low) genotypes, to utilize them in marker-assisted selection (MAS). Of them, four markers viz., GER 1 amplified alleles of 650 bp and of 950 bp, GER 5 amplified 310 bp and 350 bp, At5gAJ67 amplified 500 bp and 450 bp and Myb28 amplified alleles of size 900 bp and 920 bp in EC597325 and Pusa Mustard-21, respectively and therefore differentiated low and high glucosinolate parents. These four polymorphic markers were then used to genotype the phenotyped RIL population consisting 608 plants. Marker-trait association was tested for goodness of fit using c2 test. Of the four markers, GER1 and GER5 showed higher phenotypic variance (R2 value) compared to the others, indicating their significance in determination of glucosinolates and prospects for use in MAS for development of Indian mustard genotypes with low glucosinolates content.Not Availabl

An analysis of interspecific hybrids and phylogenetic implications in Cucumis (Cucurbitaceae)

Investigations on interspecific crossability in 8Cucumis species (2n = 24) and chromosome pairing and pollen fertility of their hybrids from 15 combinations have been utilized for tracing the phylogenetic relationships among these taxa and factors responsible for their differentiation. A collective evaluation of data suggests that there are three broad groups of species, one of the spiny fruited interfertile species, whose hybrids show varying degree of chromosome associations and low to high pollen fertility; the second of species with non-spiny fruits, which are completely incompatible with the former but weakly compatible with the cultivated species,C. melo L. to produce partly developed seeds, and the third group ofC. metuliferusE. Mey. exSchrad. andC. melo and its different botanical varieties. The species with spiny fruits can be further divided based on karyomorphological similarities and/or on relative genomic affinity, indicated by chromosome pairing and hybrid pollen fertility

mRNA Secondary Structures Fold Sequentially But Exchange Rapidly In Vivo

Self-cleavage assays of RNA folding reveal that mRNA structures fold sequentially in vitro and in vivo, but exchange between adjacent structures is much faster in vivo than it is in vitro

A Novel Mechanism Is Involved in Cationic Lipid-Mediated Functional siRNA Delivery

A key challenge for therapeutic application of RNA interference is to efficiently deliver synthetic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into target cells that will lead to the knockdown of the target transcript (functional siRNA delivery). To facilitate rational development of nonviral carriers, we have investigated by imaging, pharmacological and genetic approaches the mechanisms by which a cationic lipid carrier mediates siRNA delivery into mammalian cells. We show that 95% of siRNA lipoplexes enter the cells through endocytosis and persist in endolysosomes for a prolonged period of time. However, inhibition of clathrin-, caveolin-, or lipid-raft-mediated endocytosis or macropinocytosis fails to inhibit the knockdown of the target transcript. In contrast, depletion of cholesterol from the plasma membrane has little effect on the cellular uptake of siRNA lipoplexes, but it abolishes the target transcript knockdown. Furthermore, functional siRNA delivery occurs within a few hours and is gradually inhibited by lowering temperatures. These results demonstrate that although endocytosis is responsible for the majority of cellular uptake of siRNA lipoplexes, a minor pathway, probably mediated by fusion between siRNA lipoplexes and the plasma membrane, is responsible for the functional siRNA delivery. Our findings suggest possible directions for improving functional siRNA delivery by cationic lipids.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH Grant AI56267)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH Grant CA112967)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH Grant CA119349)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) (Post-doctoral fellowship

Identification of Ideal Locations and Stable High Biomass Sorghum Genotypes in semiarid Tropics

The dearth of proper delineation for energy sorghum cultivation has led to a prerequisite for evaluation and identification of test environments for the newly developed lines. This becomes of vital importance as the biomass yield is highly influenced by genotype and environmental (G × E) interactions. Several agronomic traits were considered to assess the biomass yield and the combined analysis of variance for G (genotype), L (location) and interaction effect of G × L. The variations in the yield caused by the interaction of G × L are very essential to acquire knowledge on the specific adaptation of a genotype. Thus, the multi-location trials conducted across locations and years have helped to identify the stable environments with specific adaptation for biomass sorghum. The presence of close association between the test locations suggested that the same information about the genotypes could be obtained from fewer test environments, and hence the potential to reduce evaluation costs. The two genotypes—IS 13762 and ICSV 25333—have shown stable performance for biomass traits across all the locations, in comparison with CSH 22SS (check). The top ten entries with stable and better performance for fresh biomass yield, dry biomass yield, grain yield and theoretical ethanol yield were ICSV 25333, IS 13762, CSH 22SS, IS 25302, IS 25301, IS 27246, IS 16529, DHBM2, ICSSH 28 and IS 17349

Computational genes: a tool for molecular diagnosis and therapy of aberrant mutational phenotype

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A finite state machine manipulating information-carrying DNA strands can be used to perform autonomous molecular-scale computations at the cellular level.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We propose a new finite state machine able to detect and correct aberrant molecular phenotype given by mutated genetic transcripts. The aberrant mutations trigger a cascade reaction: specific molecular markers as input are released and induce a spontaneous self-assembly of a wild type protein or peptide, while the mutational disease phenotype is silenced. We experimentally demostrated in <it>in vitro </it>translation system that a viable protein can be autonomously assembled.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our work demostrates the basic principles of computational genes and particularly, their potential to detect mutations, and as a response thereafter administer an output that suppresses the aberrant disease phenotype and/or restores the lost physiological function.</p

Features of Idebenone and Related Short-Chain Quinones that Rescue ATP Levels under Conditions of Impaired Mitochondrial Complex I

Short-chain quinones have been investigated as therapeutic molecules due to their ability to modulate cellular redox reactions, mitochondrial electron transfer and oxidative stress, which are pathologically altered in many mitochondrial and neuromuscular disorders. Recently, we and others described that certain short-chain quinones are able to bypass a deficiency in complex I by shuttling electrons directly from the cytoplasm to complex III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain to produce ATP. Although this energy rescue activity is highly interesting for the therapy of disorders associated with complex I dysfunction, no structure-activity-relationship has been reported for short-chain quinones so far. Using a panel of 70 quinones, we observed that the capacity for this cellular energy rescue as well as their effect on lipid peroxidation was influenced more by the physicochemical properties (in particular logD) of the whole molecule than the quinone moiety itself. Thus, the observed correlations allow us to explain the differential biological activities and therapeutic potential of short-chain quinones for the therapy of disorders associated with mitochondrial complex I dysfunction and/or oxidative stress