887 research outputs found
Three Dimensional Bosonization From Supersymmetry
Three dimensional bosonization is a conjectured duality between
non-supersymmetric Chern-Simons theories coupled to matter fields in the
fundamental representation of the gauge group. There is a well-established
supersymmetric version of this duality, which involves Chern-Simons theories
with supersymmetry coupled to fundamental chiral multiplets.
Assuming that the supersymmetric duality is valid, we prove that
non-supersymmetric bosonization holds for all planar correlators of
single-trace operators. The main tool we employ is a double-trace flow from the
supersymmetric theory to an IR fixed point, in which the scalars and fermions
are effectively decoupled in the planar limit. A generalization of this
technique can be used to derive the duality mapping of all renormalizable
couplings, in non-supersymmetric theories with both a scalar and a fermion. Our
results do not rely on an explicit computation of planar diagrams.Comment: 39 pages, 3 figures. v2: added reference
Relativistic photoemission theory for general nonlocal potentials
An improved formulation of the one-step model of photoemission from crystal
surfaces is proposed which overcomes different limitations of the original
theory. Considering the results of an electronic-structure calculation, the
electronic (one-particle) potential and the (many-body) self-energy, as given
quantities, we derive explicit expressions for the dipole transition-matrix
elements. The theory is formulated within a spin-polarized, relativistic
framework for general nonspherical and space-filling one-particle potentials
and general nonlocal, complex and energy-dependent self-energies. It applies to
semi-infinite lattices with perfect lateral translational invariance and
arbitrary number of atoms per unit cell.Comment: LaTeX, 18 pages, no figur
Bounds on Superconformal Theories with Global Symmetries
Recently, the conformal-bootstrap has been successfully used to obtain
generic bounds on the spectrum and OPE coefficients of unitary conformal field
theories. In practice, these bounds are obtained by assuming the existence of a
scalar operator in the theory and analyzing the crossing-symmetry constraints
of its 4-point function. In superconformal theories with a
global symmetry there is always a scalar primary operator, which is the top of
the current-multiplet. In this paper we analyze the crossing-symmetry
constraints of the 4-point function of this operator for
theories with global symmetry. We analyze the current-current OPE, and
derive the superconformal blocks, generalizing the work of Fortin,
Intrilligator and Stergiou to the non-Abelian case and finding new
superconformal blocks which appear in the Abelian case. We then use these
results to obtain bounds on the coefficient of the current 2-point function.Comment: Corrected error in analysis for U(1) symmetr
A one-dimensional theory for Higgs branch operators
We use supersymmetric localization to calculate correlation functions of
half-BPS local operators in 3d superconformal field theories
whose Lagrangian descriptions consist of vectormultiplets coupled to
hypermultiplets. The operators we primarily study are certain twisted linear
combinations of Higgs branch operators that can be inserted anywhere along a
given line. These operators are constructed from the hypermultiplet scalars.
They form a one-dimensional non-commutative operator algebra with topological
correlation functions. The 2- and 3-point functions of Higgs branch operators
in the full 3d theory can be simply inferred from the 1d
topological algebra. After conformally mapping the 3d superconformal field
theory from flat space to a round three-sphere, we preform supersymmetric
localization using a supercharge that does not belong to any 3d
subalgebra of the algebra. The result is a simple model that can
be used to calculate correlation functions in the 1d topological algebra
mentioned above. This model is a 1d Gaussian theory coupled to a matrix model,
and it can be viewed as a gauge-fixed version of a topological gauged quantum
mechanics. Our results generalize to non-conformal theories on that
contain real mass and Fayet-Iliopolous parameters. We also provide partial
results in the 1d topological algebra associated with the Coulomb branch, where
we calculate correlation functions of local operators built from the
vectormultiplet scalars.Comment: 108 pages; v2: typos corrected, some statements clarifie
Gate Defined Quantum Confinement in Suspended Bilayer Graphene
Quantum confined devices that manipulate single electrons in graphene are
emerging as attractive candidates for nanoelectronics applications. Previous
experiments have employed etched graphene nanostructures, but edge and
substrate disorder severely limit device functionality. Here we present a
technique that builds quantum confined structures in suspended bilayer graphene
with tunnel barriers defined by external electric fields that break layer
inversion symmetry, thereby eliminating both edge and substrate disorder. We
report clean quantum dot formation in two regimes: at zero magnetic field B
using the single particle energy gap induced by a perpendicular electric field
and at B > 0 using the quantum Hall ferromagnet {\nu} = 0 gap for confinement.
Coulomb blockade oscillations exhibit periodicity consistent with electrostatic
simulations based on local top gate geometry, a direct demonstration of local
control over the band structure of graphene. This technology integrates single
electron transport with high device quality and access to vibrational modes,
enabling broad applications from electromechanical sensors to quantum bits.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figures, includes supplementary informatio
Local Spin Susceptibilities of Low-Dimensional Electron Systems
We investigate, assess, and suggest possibilities for a measurement of the
local spin susceptibility of a conducting low-dimensional electron system. The
basic setup of the experiment we envisage is a source-probe one. Locally
induced spin density (e.g. by a magnetized atomic force microscope tip) extends
in the medium according to its spin susceptibility. The induced magnetization
can be detected as a dipolar magnetic field, for instance, by an
ultra-sensitive nitrogen-vacancy center based detector, from which the spatial
structure of the spin susceptibility can be deduced. We find that
one-dimensional systems, such as semiconducting nanowires or carbon nanotubes,
are expected to yield a measurable signal. The signal in a two-dimensional
electron gas is weaker, though materials with high enough -factor (such as
InGaAs) seem promising for successful measurements.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figure
Charge and spin addition energies of one dimensional quantumn dot
We derive the effective action for a one dimensional electron island formed
between a double barrier in a single channel quantum wire including the
electron spin. Current and energy addition terms corresponding to charge and
spin are identified. The influence of the range and the strength of the
electron interaction and other system parameters on the charge and spin
addition energies, and on the excitation spectra of the modes confined within
the island is studied. We find by comparison with experiment that spin
excitations in addition to non-zero range of the interaction and inhomogeneity
effects are important for understanding the electron transport through one
dimensional quantum islands in cleaved-edge-overgrowth systems.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Physical Review
Bootstrapping Vector Models in
We use the conformal bootstrap to study conformal field theories with
global symmetry in and spacetime dimensions that have a scalar
operator transforming as an vector. The crossing symmetry of
the four-point function of this vector operator, along with unitarity
assumptions, determine constraints on the scaling dimensions of conformal
primary operators in the OPE. Imposing a lower bound on
the second smallest scaling dimension of such an -singlet conformal
primary, and varying the scaling dimension of the lowest one, we obtain an
allowed region that exhibits a kink located very close to the interacting
-symmetric CFT conjectured to exist recently by Fei, Giombi, and
Klebanov. Under reasonable assumptions on the dimension of the second lowest
singlet in the OPE, we observe that this kink
disappears in for small enough , suggesting that in this case an
interacting CFT may cease to exist for below a certain critical
value.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figures; v2 minor improvement
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