The prevalence of refractive error among Malay school children aged 13 to 16 years old in Kota Bahru, Kelantan

A cross sectional study was conducted among Malay school children, age raoging from 13 to 16 year old. Seven out of 36 secondary schools in Kola Bharu District were randomly selected. Written consent was obtained from parent prior to examination. Visual assessment includes visual acuity, ocular motility, external eye examination and direct funduscopy were conducted at the selected !Schools. Noncyclopegic automated refraction using Retioomax Nikon was performed to those students who had visual 'acuity of 20/40 or less. Direct questionnaires regarding student's background and near work activity such as time spend for reading and writing , and also watching television were also obtained from the students. A total of 929 Malay students aged 13 to 16 years old were recruited. The prevalence of visual impairment was 15.3% ,J and:refractive error was the major cause (93.6%). Myopia (-0.50D or less) was found in 97.9% of students with • ·• • I ~ • • • refractive error and gave the prevalence of 14.1 %. No hyperopia noted in this study. The uncorrected refractive error was 59.4%. Fifty one students were unaware of their visual problems. Based on multivariate study analysis, there was significant association of refractive error with female gender (p = 0.01), positive family history of refractive error among sibl\ng (p < 0.01) and parental ipcome (p=0.038). Although the prevalence of myopia (14.1 %) among Malay teenagers aged 13 to 16 years old in Kota Bharu District almost similar to other reported' studies but higher number of them was uncorrected (59 .4% ). Visual screening and health education should be emphasized to overcome this problem

Ocular Tuberculosis with Multiple Cerebral Abscesses

A 23-year-old Malay man presented with headache for one-month duration. It was associated with painless blurring of vision of the right eye. He had loss of appetite and reduced weight but no night sweats or hemoptysis. His visual acuity on the right eye was 6/45 and improved to 6/15 with pinhole. Right fundus examination revealed a choroidal tuberculoma located at one disc diameter away from optic disc superiorly with mild vitritis. Systemic examinations revealed no significant finding. Mantoux test reading was 22 mm with erythrocyte sedimentation rate that was 14 mm/h. Other blood investigations were negative with normal chest radiography. The computerized tomography scan of the brain revealed multiple cerebral abscesses. A clinical diagnosis of right ocular tuberculosis with multiple cerebral abscesses was made. He was treated with antituberculosis chemotherapy for one year which divided into intensive phase for three months and maintenance phase for nine months. Cerebral abscesses resolved after three months of antituberculosis drugs and at one-year follow-up, and the choroidal tuberculoma resolved completely with scar formation and significant macular striae

Pasteurella canis Isolation following Penetrating Eye Injury: A Case Report

A 3-year-old boy presented with history of trauma to the left eye after he accidentally injured his eye with a broom stick made up from coconut skewers. There was history of cats as their pets but not dogs. Ocular examination revealed left superonasal conjunctival laceration and scleral perforation with prolapsed vitreous. Fundus examination showed minimal vitreous haemorrhage and flat retina. Conjunctiva swab at the wound site was sent for gram staining, culture, and sensitivity. He underwent scleral suturing, vitreous tap, and intravitreal injection of Ceftazidime and Amikacin. Vitreous tap was sent for gram stained, culture and sensitivity. Postoperatively, he was started empirically on IV Ciprofloxacin 160 mg BD, Guttae Ciprofloxacin, and Guttae Ceftazidime. Conjunctiva swab grew Pasteurella canis which was sensitive to all Beta lactams, Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol, and Aminoglycoside. Post-operative was uneventful, absent signs of endophthalmitis or orbital cellulitis

Purtscher-like retinopathy following valsalva maneuver effect: case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Purtscher's retinopathy is a rare condition that is noted in cases related to various types of trauma. The characteristic finding in the fundus is the presence of multiple Purtscher flecken. Purtscher-like retinopathy has a similar presentation in the fundus, but without an association with trauma.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 43-year old Malay man presented with a sudden onset of central foggy vision in the left eye after holding his breath for two minutes while catching a falling object. It was not associated with floaters, flashes of light, or head trauma. His vision in the right eye was 6/6, and in his left eye it was finger counting. He had bilateral temporal sub-conjunctival hemorrhages. An examination of his left fundus revealed multiple white cotton wool spots and dot-blot retinal hemorrhages with diffuse retinal edema at the posterior pole. His right fundus was noted to have only mild temporal peri-papillary edema associated with a few dot-blot hemorrhages. Fundus fluorescein angiography showed good arterial perfusion and no evidence of leaking or neo-vascularization. A diagnosis of Purtscher-like retinopathy was made, and the patient was treated with indomethacin tablets for six weeks. At his six-week follow-up examination, his left eye visual acuity had improved to 6/12. His bilateral sub-conjunctival hemorrhage had resolved. His left fundus showed residual multiple cotton wool spots and reduced retinal edema.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs seems to be effective in reducing edema in patients with Purtscher-like retinopathy.</p

Depression and severity of glaucoma among older adults in urban and suburban areas

Summary: Depression increases with severity of visual field defect in older adults with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression among patients with POAG and examine the relationship between depression and the severity of POAG in older adults. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and sixty patients with POAG aged 60 years or above were recruited from 2 tertiary centers located in an urban and suburban area. The participants were stratified according to the severity of their glaucoma based on the scores from the modified Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) to mild, moderate, severe, and end stage. Face-to-face interviews were performed using the Malay Version Geriatric Depression Scale 14 (mGDS-14) questionnaire. Depression is diagnosed when the score is ≥8. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the subscores between the groups. Multifactorial analysis of variance was also applied with relevant confounding factors. Results: Depression was detected in 16% of older adults with POAG; a higher percentage of depression was seen in those with end stage disease. There was a significant increase in the mean score of mGDS-14 according to the severity of POAG. There was evidence of an association between depression and severity of visual field defect (P<0.001). There was a significant difference in mGDS-14 score between the pairing of severity of POAG [mild-severe (P=0.003), mild-end stage (P<0.001), moderate-severe (P<0.001), and moderate-end stage (P<0.001)] after adjustment to living conditions, systemic disease, and visual acuity

Modified sewing machine technique in combination with lens aspiration and anterior vitrectomy for large iridodialysis repair

We describe the management of a large iridodialysis repair using the modified sewing machine technique and lens aspiration in a single setting in an eye with blunt ocular injury. We performed the lens aspiration first followed by iridodialysis repair. The technique was easy and fast, with good postoperative anatomical outcom

Lens-induced glaucoma in a tertiary centre in northeast of Malaysia

Lens-induced glaucoma (LIG) is common in developing countries owing to the delay in cataract removal.1,2 In Malaysia, cataract is one of the leading causes of blindness and low vision.3 Although LIG is prevalent in developing countries, it also occurs in developed countries.

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, A Masquerade: Case Series

To exemplify rare and common presentations of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)

Infected Baerveldt Glaucoma Drainage Device by Aspergillus niger

Fungal endophthalmitis is rare but may complicate glaucoma drainage device surgery. Management is challenging as the symptoms and signs may be subtle at initial presentation and the visual prognosis is usually poor due to its resistant nature to treatment. At present there is lesser experience with intravitreal injection of voriconazole as compared to Amphotericin B. We present a case of successfully treated Aspergillus endophthalmitis following Baerveldt glaucoma drainage device implantation with intravitreal and topical voriconazole