Ethnolinguistic Lacunae in Translation into Chinese of Novel by G. Sh. Yakhina “Zuleikha Opens Her Eyes”

The problem of linguocultural lacunarity in literary translation is considered. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time ethnolinguistic lacunae, represented by Turkic ethnographisms, are studied in the text of the original novel by G. Sh. Yakhina (2015) and its translation into Chinese by Zhang Jie and Xie Yuncai (2017). The material was the Turkisms of the novel by G. Sh. Yakhina “Zuleikha opens her eyes”, commented by the author in the appendix “Dictionary of Tatar words and expressions”. The article discusses the ethno-linguistic approach to the study of Turkisms (Albasty, Kaplau, Shurale, etc.), which includes: analysis of the etymology of the word, its linguo-ethnic status, functonal specificity, background information. It is proved that ethnolinguistic lacunarity is manifested not only through the extralinguistic component of the word and its national and cultural marking. The proposition is substantiated that the conjugation of the linguocultural Tatar-Russian contact is lacunar, which is “read” in the original text, but not in its translation. It is proved that the main way to eliminate lacunae is compensation, which allows to most fully recreate the ethnolinguistic specificity of reality. It is established that the methods of explication and generalization are frequent, which contribute to the preservation of the ethnolinguistic originality of the work

Hypertensive crisis as cerebrovascular disease risk factor

Objective. To assess main epidemiological indicators for hypertensive crises (HC) in the population of productive age and to study possible correlations of crisis associated arterial hypertension (AH) with clinical and instrumental phenomenon of chronic cerebrovascular diseases. Materials and methods. Data of several studies presented: cross-sectional studies of 726 people aged 35-64 and 415 people aged 40-59. Observational cohort study of 109 patients aged 57.4±5.8 with uncomplicated AH. For the detection of HC in anamnesis, there were used special criteria which widens standard HC definition for additional account of light and mild severity cases. Results. Overall AH prevalence was 45% (95% CI 41-51), in men - 48% (40.2-55.9), in women - 45% (38.4-51.6). History of HC in anamnesis was 11.8% (95% CI 9-15.2), in men 8.8% (5.4-14) and in women - 13.8% (10-18.7). Proportion of HC associated AH defined at the level of 25-30% of all AH cases. The most prevalence of HC associated AH was found in people with “high normal” (130-139/85-89) arterial pressure - 37%. Prevalence of the complaints on headaches, dizziness, poor memory and lower intellectual productivity was higher in people with HC. Chronic cerebrovascular disease was found 2-fold frequently in HC associated AH. But in generally analysis of possible correlations of HC with clinical and instrumental phenomenon of chronic cerebrovascular diseases didn’t revealed any statistically significant differences. Conclusion. HC burden for healthcare system is serious, because it is important risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases and associated with significant lowering of the quality of life. Prevalence of the HC cases with light and mild severity is underestimated. Despite that the study of the most prevalent forms of HC (rare, light and mild severity) didn’t find any associations with morphological or persistent clinical pathology, functional phenomenon were found statistically significant frequently

Применение локальной флюоресцентной спектроскопии в комбинации с методикой флюоресцентной визуализации при цистоскопии

The method of fluorescence visualization of bladder tumors combined with fluorescence spectroscopy developed in P.A. Herzen MCRI is described. The efficacy of the method was proved by results of diagnostics in 198 patients with superficial bladder cancer. In the study group 67 patients had primary tumor, 131 patients had recurrence of superficial bladder cancer after previous treatment. In 3.5% patients the lesion was determined as carcinoma in situ, in 29.5% – non-invasive papillary carcinoma, bladder cancer with invasion into submucosal layer of bladder wall occurred in 67% of cases. Diagnostics was performed 1.5–2 h after instillation of 50 ml 3% solution of alasens into bladder. The data analysis was made with calculation of the diagnostic parameter and value of tumor/normal mucosa fluorescence contrast. The total number of fluorescence spectra accounted for 528. All determined areas of fluorescence were studied morphologically. During fluorescence spectroscopy 53 areas of fluorescence were determined on visually intact mucosa under white light, showed high values of diagnostic parameter. Morphological study proved severe dysplasia (3%), carcinoma in situ (95%) and bladder cancer (2%). Correlation between data of local fluorescence spectroscopy and morphological study of biopsy specimen was assessed, values of diagnostic parameter, характеризующих intact urothelium, areas of inflammation and moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia and bladder cancer were estimated. Local fluorescence spectroscopy combined with visual assessment of fluorescence image allowed to increase specificity of cystoscopy from 70% to 85%, total accuracy – from 80% to 86%, with improvement of predictive value for positive result from 0,67 to 0,94. В работе описана разработанная в МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена методика флюоресцентной визуализации опухолей мочевого пузыря в сочетании с флюоресцентной спектроскопией. Эффективность предложенной методики подтверждена результатами диагностики 198 больных поверхностным раком мочевого пузыря. В исследуемой группе 67 пациентов имели первичный опухолевой процесс, 131 больной – рецидив поверхностного рака мочевого пузыря после ранее проведенного лечения. У 3,5% пациентов опухолевой процесс был представлен carcinoma in situ, у 29,5% – неинвазивной папиллярной карциномой, рак мочевого пузыря с инвазией в подслизистый слой стенки мочевого пузыря был диагностирован в 67% случаев. Диагностика проводилась через 1,5–2 ч после инстилляции в мочевой пузырь 3%-го раствора препарата аласенс в объеме 50 мл. Анализ данных производился путем расчета диагностического параметра и флюоресцентной контрастности опухоль/норма. Всего в процессе исследования было измерено 528 спектров флюоресценции. Все обнаруженные очаги флюоресценции подвергались морфологическому исследованию. При про- ведении флюоресцентной спектроскопии выявлено 53 очага флюоресценции на визуально не измененной слизистой при осмо- тре в белом свете, характеризовавшихся большими значениями величины диагностического параметра. При морфологическом исследовании данных участков подтверждена тяжелая дисплазия (в 3% очагов), carcinoma in situ (в 95%) и рак мочевого пузыря (в 2%). Изучена корреляция данных локальной флюоресцентной спектроскопии и морфологического исследования биоптатов, проведена оценка значений диагностического параметра, характеризующих неизмененный уротелий, очаги воспаления, умеренной и тяжелой дисплазии и рака мочевого пузыря. Применение локальной флюоресцентной спектроскопии в комбинации с методикой визуального определения флюоресцентного изображения позволило повысить специфичность цистоскопии с 70% до 85%, общую точность – с 80% до 86%, при этом предсказательная ценность положительного результата возросла с 0,67 до 0,94.

Mechanical Strength of 17 134 Model Proteins and Cysteine Slipknots

A new theoretical survey of proteins' resistance to constant speed stretching is performed for a set of 17 134 proteins as described by a structure-based model. The proteins selected have no gaps in their structure determination and consist of no more than 250 amino acids. Our previous studies have dealt with 7510 proteins of no more than 150 amino acids. The proteins are ranked according to the strength of the resistance. Most of the predicted top-strength proteins have not yet been studied experimentally. Architectures and folds which are likely to yield large forces are identified. New types of potent force clamps are discovered. They involve disulphide bridges and, in particular, cysteine slipknots. An effective energy parameter of the model is estimated by comparing the theoretical data on characteristic forces to the corresponding experimental values combined with an extrapolation of the theoretical data to the experimental pulling speeds. These studies provide guidance for future experiments on single molecule manipulation and should lead to selection of proteins for applications. A new class of proteins, involving cystein slipknots, is identified as one that is expected to lead to the strongest force clamps known. This class is characterized through molecular dynamics simulations.Comment: 40 pages, 13 PostScript figure

The use of fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with fluorescence vizualization for cystoscopy

The method of fluorescence visualization of bladder tumors combined with fluorescence spectroscopy developed in P.A. Herzen MCRI is described. The efficacy of the method was proved by results of diagnostics in 198 patients with superficial bladder cancer. In the study group 67 patients had primary tumor, 131 patients had recurrence of superficial bladder cancer after previous treatment. In 3.5% patients the lesion was determined as carcinoma in situ, in 29.5% – non-invasive papillary carcinoma, bladder cancer with invasion into submucosal layer of bladder wall occurred in 67% of cases. Diagnostics was performed 1.5–2 h after instillation of 50 ml 3% solution of alasens into bladder. The data analysis was made with calculation of the diagnostic parameter and value of tumor/normal mucosa fluorescence contrast. The total number of fluorescence spectra accounted for 528. All determined areas of fluorescence were studied morphologically. During fluorescence spectroscopy 53 areas of fluorescence were determined on visually intact mucosa under white light, showed high values of diagnostic parameter. Morphological study proved severe dysplasia (3%), carcinoma in situ (95%) and bladder cancer (2%). Correlation between data of local fluorescence spectroscopy and morphological study of biopsy specimen was assessed, values of diagnostic parameter, характеризующих intact urothelium, areas of inflammation and moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia and bladder cancer were estimated. Local fluorescence spectroscopy combined with visual assessment of fluorescence image allowed to increase specificity of cystoscopy from 70% to 85%, total accuracy – from 80% to 86%, with improvement of predictive value for positive result from 0,67 to 0,94. </p

NEUROTROPIC PEPTID CALLED SELANK WITH ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY AGAINST HUMAN AND BIRD INFLUENZA AND HERPES VIRUS INFECTIONS

Abstract. The antiviral action of Selank which is the neurotropic and psychotropic peptide has been studied. Antiviral characteristics of Selank were evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo against influenza virus strain H3N2 and H5N1 and Herpes virus 1, 2 types. It was shown that Selank may have the prophylactic effect during influenza infection and therapeutic effect during herpes virus infection