The holographic p+ip solution failed to win the competition in dRGT massive gravity

In this paper, the holographic p-wave superfluid model with charged complex vector field is studied in dRGT massive gravity beyond the probe limit. The stability of p-wave and p+ip solutions are compared in the grand canonical ensemble. The p-wave solution always get lower value of grand potential than the p+ip solution, showing that the holographic system still favors an anisotropic (p-wave) solution even with considering a massive gravity theory in bulk. In the holographic superconductor models with dRGT massive gravity in bulk, a key sailing symmetry is found to be violated by fixing the reference metric parameter $c_0$. Therefore, in order to get the dependence of condensate and grand potential on temperature, different values of horizon radius should be considered in numerical work. With a special choice of model parameters, we further study the dependence of critical back-reaction strength on the graviton mass parameter, beyond which the superfluid phase transition become first order. We also give the dependence of critical temperature on the back reaction strength $b$ and graviton mass parameter $m^2$.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure

Badanie zależności między metylacją regionu promotora genu MMP-9 a nefropatią cukrzycową

Objective: This study aims to explore the relationship between the methylation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 gene promoter region and diabetic nephropathy (DN) through the detection of the methylation level of MMP-9 gene promoter region in the peripheral blood of patients with DN in different periods and serum MMP-9 concentration. Methods: The methylation level of the MMP-9 gene promoter region was detected by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP), and the content of MMP-9 in serum was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Results of the statistical analysis revealed that serum MMP-9 protein expression levels gradually increased in patients in the simple diabetic group, early diabetic nephropathy group and clinical diabetic nephropathy group, compared with the control group; and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the methylation levels of MMP-9 gene promoter regions gradually decreased in patients in the simple diabetic group, early diabetic nephropathy group, and clinical diabetic nephropathy group; and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Furthermore, correlation analysis results indicated that the demethylation levels of the MMP-9 gene promoter region was positively correlated with serum protein levels, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR), urea and creatinine; and was negatively correlated with GFR. Conclusion: The demethylation of the MMP-9 gene promoter region may be involved in the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy by regulating the expression of MMP-9 protein in serum.Wstęp: Celem pracy jest zbadanie zależności między metylacją regionu promotora genu metaloproteinazy macierzy zewnątrzkomórkowej typu 9 a nefropatią cukrzycową, poprzez wykrycie poziomu metylacji regionu promotora genu MMP-9 we krwi obwodowej pacjentów z nefropatią cukrzycową w różnych okresach i przy różnym stężeniu MMP-9 w surowicy krwi. Materiał i metody: Poziom metylacji regionu promotora genu MMP-9 wykrywano za pomocą metylospecyficznej reakcji łańcuchowej polimerazy (methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction; MSP), natomiast zawartość MMP-9 w surowicy krwi była określana przy użyciu enzymatycznego testu immunoadsorpcyjnego (ELISA). Wyniki: Wyniki analizy statystycznej wykazały, że poziom ekspresji białka MMP-9 w surowicy krwi stopniowo wzrastał w grupie pa­cjentów ze zwykłą cukrzycą, w grupie pacjentów z wczesną nefropatią cukrzycową oraz w grupie z kliniczną nefropatią cukrzycową w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną; różnica była statystycznie istotna (p &lt; 0,05). W porównaniu z grupą kontrolną poziom metylacji regionów promotora genu MMP-9 stopniowo się zmniejszał w grupie pacjentów ze zwykłą cukrzycą, w grupie pacjentów z wczesną nefropatią cukrzycową oraz w grupie z kliniczną nefropatią cukrzycową; różnica była istotna statystycznie (p &lt; 0,05). Ponadto, wyniki analizy korelacji wykazały, że poziomy demetylacji regionu promotora genu MMP-9 były dodatnio skorelowane ze stężeniem białek w surowicy krwi, ze wskaźnikiem albumina/kreatynina (urinary albumin to creatinine ratio; UACR), mocznikiem i kreatyniną oraz były ujemnie skorelowane ze wskaźnikiem GFR. Wnioski: Demetylacja regionu promotora genu MMP-9 może być zaangażowana w występowanie i rozwój nefropatii cukrzycowej poprzez regulację ekspresji białka MMP-9 w surowicy krwi.

Searching for a0(980)a_0(980)-meson parton distribution function

In this paper, we calculate the scalar $a_0(980)$-meson leading-twist wavefunction by using light-cone harmonic oscillator model (LCHO). In which the model parameters are determined by fitting the $\xi$-moments $\langle\xi_{a_0}^n\rangle_\zeta$ of its light-cone distribution amplitudes. Then, the $a_0(980)$-meson leading-twist light-cone distribution amplitudes with three different scales $\zeta= (1.0, 2.0, 5.2)~{\rm GeV}$ are given. After constructing the relationship between $a_0(980)$-meson leading-twist parton distribution functions/valence quark distribution function and its LCHO wavefunction, we exhibit the $q^{a_0}(x,\zeta)$ and $x q^{a_0}(x,\zeta)$ with different scales. Furthermore, we also calculate the Mellin moments of the $a_0(980)$-meson's valence quark distribution function $\langle x^n q^{a_0}\rangle_\zeta$ with $n = (1,2,3)$, i.e. $\langle x q^{a_0}\rangle_{\zeta_5} = 0.026$, $\langle x^2 q^{a_0}\rangle_{\zeta_5} = 0.017$ and $\langle x^3 q^{a_0}\rangle_{\zeta_5} = 0.012$. Finally, the scale evolution for the ratio of the Mellin moments $x^n_{a_0}(\zeta,\zeta_k)$ are presented.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, comments welcom

GPER-induced signaling is essential for the survival of breast cancer stem cells.

G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPER), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, mediates estrogen-induced proliferation of normal and malignant breast epithelial cells. However, its role in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) remains unclear. Here we showed greater expression of GPER in BCSCs than non-BCSCs of three patient-derived xenografts of ER- /PR+ breast cancers. GPER silencing reduced stemness features of BCSCs as reflected by reduced mammosphere forming capacity in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo with decreased BCSC populations. Comparative phosphoproteomics revealed greater GPER-mediated PKA/BAD signaling in BCSCs. Activation of GPER by its ligands, including tamoxifen (TMX), induced phosphorylation of PKA and BAD-Ser118 to sustain BCSC characteristics. Transfection with a dominant-negative mutant BAD (Ser118Ala) led to reduced cell survival. Taken together, GPER and its downstream signaling play a key role in maintaining the stemness of BCSCs, suggesting that GPER is a potential therapeutic target for eradicating BCSCs

Molecular Mechanisms of Same TCM Syndrome for Different Diseases and Different TCM Syndrome for Same Disease in Chronic Hepatitis B and Liver Cirrhosis

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment is based on the traditional diagnose method to distinguish the TCM syndrome, not the disease. So there is a phenomenon in the relationship between TCM syndrome and disease, called Same TCM Syndrome for Different Diseases and Different TCM Syndrome for Same Disease. In this study, we demonstrated the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon using the microarray samples of liver-gallbladder dampness-heat syndrome (LGDHS) and liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome (LDSDS) in the chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and liver cirrhosis (LC). The results showed that the difference between CHB and LC was gene expression level and the difference between LGDHS and LDSDS was gene coexpression in the G-protein-coupled receptor protein-signaling pathway. Therein genes GPER, PTHR1, GPR173, and SSTR1 were coexpressed in LDSDS, but not in LGDHS. Either CHB or LC was divided into the alternative LGDHS and LDSDS by the gene correlation, which reveals the molecular feature of Different TCM Syndrome for Same Disease. The alternatives LGDHS and LDSDS were divided into either CHB or LC by the gene expression level, which reveals the molecular feature of Same TCM Syndrome for Different Diseases

Distribution amplitudes of light diquarks

Accumulating evidence indicates that soft quark+quark (diquark) correlations play an important role in the structure and interactions of hadrons constituted from three or more valence-quarks; so, it is worth developing insights into diquark structure. Using a leading-order truncation of those equations needed to solve continuum two-valence-body bound-state problems, the leading-twist two-parton distribution amplitudes (DAs) of light-quark scalar and pseudovector diquarks are calculated. The diquark DAs are narrower and taller than the asymptotic profile that characterises mesons. Consequently, the valence quasiparticles in a diquark are less likely to carry a large light-front fraction of the system's total momentum than those in a meson. These features may both influence the form of baryon DAs and be transmitted to diquark distribution functions (DFs), in which case their impact will be felt, e.g. in the proton's $u$ and $d$ valence-quark DFs.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. J. A (Lett