Association between Serum Chemerin Concentrations and Clinical Indices in Obesity or Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Objective</p><p>Chemerin is a novel adipokine. Previous research has investigated the association between chemerin and clinical indices in patients with obesity or metabolic syndrome (MS), although the results obtained have been inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between chemerin and clinical indicators of diabetes, MS and obesity with obesity or MS subjects.</p><p>Design and Methods</p><p>Studies were identified by searching the PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE and CNKI, databases beginning with the original report in July 2007 until the end of May 2013. For each variable, summary correlation coefficients were estimated using random-effects or fixed-effect meta-analysis with 95% confidence interval (CI) performed by STATA software.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of eight studies with 20 clinical variables (total n = 1787) met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analyse of diabetes markers showed that FSI (<i>r_s</i> = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.21–0.31; P = 0.000), 2HPG (<i>r_s</i> = 0.06; 95% CI = 0.01–0.12; P = 0.030) and HOMA-IR (<i>r_s</i> = 0.178; 95% CI = 0.019–0.337; P = 0.028) were positively correlated with chemerin, however, FPG (<i>r_s</i> = 0.03, 95% CI = −0.02 to 0.08, P = 0.240) and HbA1c (<i>r_s</i> = −0.05; 95% CI = −0.24–0.15; P = 0.641) were not significantly correlated with chemerin. The meta-analyses of MS and obesity markers indicated that TG, TC, CRP BMI, TBF%, WC, WHR and Leptin were positively correlated with chemerin, nevertheless, SBP, DBP, LDL-C, HDL-C, ALT and r-GT were not significantly correlated, adiponectin was negatively correlated. Sensitivity analysis was performed and the summary results did not change significantly.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The results suggest that chemerin in patients with obesity or MS may be associated with obesity, imbalances in lipid and diabetes metabolism and insulin resistance. Chemerin played an important role in the pathophysiology of obesity and MS.</p></div

Characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analyses.

<p>ALT, Alanine Aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FSI, fasting serum insulin; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; r-GT, r-Glutamyl Transpeptidase; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistence index; 2HPG, 2H postprandial plasma glucose; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; P, Pearson correlation coefficient; S, Spearman correlation coefficient; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; TBF%, total body fat (%); WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-hip ratio.</p><p>Characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analyses.</p

Correlations between serum chemerin concentrations and metabolic syndrome markers in Obesity or MS subjects.

<p>Summaries are shown of the correlations between chemerin concentrations and (a) systolic blood pressure, (b) diastolic blood pressure, (c) low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, (d) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, (e) triglyceride, (f) total cholesterol, (g) Alanine Aminotransferase, (h) r-Glutamyl Transpeptidase and (I) C-reactive protein. 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are represented by the horizontal lines, and diamonds represent the overall estimate and 95% CI.</p

Correlations between serum chemerin concentrations and obesity markers in Obesity or MS subjects.

<p>Summaries are shown of the correlations between chemerin concentrations and (a) body mass index, (b) total body fat (%), (c) waist circumference, (d) waist-hip ratio, (e) Adiponectin and (f) Leptin. 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are represented by the horizontal lines, and diamonds represent the overall estimate and 95% CI.</p

Correlations between serum chemerin concentrations and diabetes markers in Obesity or MS subjects.

<p>Summaries are shown of the correlations between serum chemerin concentrations and (a) fasting plasma glucose concentrations, (b) fasting serum insulin concentrations, (c) 2H postprandial plasma glucose, (d) HOMA_IR and (e) Hemoglobin A1c. 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are represented by the horizontal lines, and diamonds represent the overall estimate and 95% CI.</p

The CDF of the SREs and TREs with the 4-hour sampling granularity.

<p>The CDF of the SREs and TREs with the 4-hour sampling granularity.</p

SREs and TREs of six methods from 8-hour time granularity to 5-minute one.

<p>SREs and TREs of six methods from 8-hour time granularity to 5-minute one.</p

The performance improvement of the fractal relative to the TomoG, PCA, SRSVD.

<p>The performance improvement of the fractal relative to the TomoG, PCA, SRSVD.</p

Reconstruction results of the end-to-end network traffic from the 8-hour time granularity to 5-minute.

<p>Reconstruction results of the end-to-end network traffic from the 8-hour time granularity to 5-minute.</p

Reconstruction results of end-to-end network traffic from the 60-minute time granularity to 5-minute.

<p>Reconstruction results of end-to-end network traffic from the 60-minute time granularity to 5-minute.</p