A system and method for exchangeable quantum key distribution

The present invention provides a system for performing quantum key distribution by securely switching between deterministic and non-deterministic protocol. The system comprising at least one random polarization encoded photon source, at least one optical switch, at least one set of detector for deterministic protocol and a set of detector for non-deterministic protocol and a plurality of electronic logic gates. The said random polarization encoded photon source comprising attenuated pulse laser pumps and optical components for randomly generating polarization photon states while the said optical switch having at least one input port and at least two output ports for switching single photons. The said polarization encoded photon flipper randomly flip polarization state of encoded photon while the said detector for deterministic protocol and detector for non-deterministic protocol having active basis selector and optical components for measuring and discriminating single photon polarization states and the said electronic logic gates comprising electronic controller, timer and analyzer for controlling polarization states of photon to be sent, controlling optical switch based on quantum bit error rate (QBER), controlling polarization encoded photon flipper and controlling active basis selector

Method and apparatus for optical polarization photon generator

A method and apparatus for optically generating polarized photons with at least four polarization states is disclosed. The method and apparatus comprises at least two laser sources that are electronically triggered at random to generate at least two optical pulses (102), an arrangement of passive optical components that polarize each optical pulse of the at least two optical pulses to have orthogonal polarization states (104) and merge the at least two optical pulses having orthogonal polarization states onto a single optical path (106) and an active optical component that alters the orthogonal polarization states of the single optical path to have secondary orthogonal polarization states (108)

Apparatus for flipping the polarization state of an optical pulse between a transmitter and a receiver in quantum key distribution and method thereof

An apparatus for flipping the polarization state of an optical pulse between a transmitter and a receiver in a quantum key distribution system comprising: a passive non flipping component that preserves the polarization state of said optical pulse; a passive flipping component that rotates the polarization state of said optical pulse orthogonally; and an active optical switch that receives said optical pulse and sends said optical pulse to either the said passive non flipping component or the said passive flipping component whereby the said optical pulse upon entering said active optical switch is directed either towards the passive non flipping component where its polarization state is preserved or towards the passive flipping component where its polarization state is rotated orthogonally

Decision Tree Algorithm for the Classification of Dental Caries Severity via Saliva

Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases. Early detection is prominent to avoid the tooth weakening or worst the tooth loss. UV absorption spectroscopy is a non-invasive technique used for the detection of salivary alpha-amylase which are increasing in the presence of caries. Spectrum acquired from patient at Faculty of dentistry, UKM showed significant peak around 260-300 nm which are correspond to the absorption of amino acid found in salivary alpha-amylase. The spectra are preprocesses using autoscale and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) to optimize the signal. Decision tree algorithm was implemented on the UV absorption spectra. The best model of decision tree obtained when using autoscale preprocessing method. The accuracy, precision, sensitivity and specificity for the validation data obtained were 0.65, 1.00, 0.29 and 1.00 respectively. The decision tree requires more tuning for the robustness for future application

Decision Tree Algorithm for the Classification of Dental Caries Severity via Saliva

Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases. Early detection is prominent to avoid the tooth weakening or worst the tooth loss. UV absorption spectroscopy is a non-invasive technique used for the detection of salivary alpha-amylase which are increasing in the presence of caries. Spectrum acquired from patient at Faculty of dentistry, UKM showed significant peak around 260-300 nm which are correspond to the absorption of amino acid found in salivary alpha-amylase. The spectra are preprocesses using autoscale and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) to optimize the signal. Decision tree algorithm was implemented on the UV absorption spectra. The best model of decision tree obtained when using autoscale preprocessing method. The accuracy, precision, sensitivity and specificity for the validation data obtained were 0.65, 1.00, 0.29 and 1.00 respectively. The decision tree requires more tuning for the robustness for future application