Giving Verbs More Arguments in Mandarin Chinese

Mandarin Chinese has a way of adding arguments to transitive verbs using the morpheme corresponding to ‘give’. It can appear either affixed to the main verb or as a preposition-like element, resulting in what looks like a double-object prepositional-dative alternation. In this paper, I examine their syntactic and semantic properties, arguing they both encode low applicative possessor semantics but have different syntactic structures. I outline a compositional syntax-semantics for deriving the alternation, the key component being a switch in the order of application of the semantic rules of function application and event identification that explains their identical semantics but different syntactic structures

Credit Scoring with AHP and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Based on Behavioural Data from Weibo Platform

It is increasingly necessary to evaluate the customers\u27 credit. In the era of big data, Information on the Internet is commonly used to judge the credit worthiness of customers. Some users\u27 credit information is incomplete or unavailable, so credit managers cannot judge the true credit situation of these users. However, with the support of social data especially behavioural data and credit evaluation system, this problem can be effectively solved. This study used Weibo to obtain the behavioural data of Chinese users for credit evaluation. Two methods are used to calculate the credit scores of Weibo users, which are the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods. By analysing social processes and inviting experts to make decisions, we constructed a credit evaluation system to expose users\u27 behavioural characteristics. We found that the three key indexes determining the user’s social credit are personal identification, behavioural characteristics and interaction among friends. Then, AHP was used to determine the weight of each index. Finally, a static algorithm was proposed to compute the credit evaluation system of Weibo users using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods

The Two Stages of the Re-education Through Labour SystemFrom Tool of Political Struggle to Means of Social Governance

Through a retrospective summary of the history of the re-education through labour (RTL) system, the author concludes that the emergence and development of the RTL system can be divided into two stages: its use as a tool of political struggle, and its use as a means of social governance. Although the RTL system has undergone a number of reforms in the wake of social developments, leading to significant changes in its functions and targets, this can be considered adaptation to the varying social requirements of different time periods and changes to its specific tasking, while the intrinsic violation of individual rights by the authorities that underlies this system has never changed. For this reason, although the RTL system remains an effective anomaly, it has lost all legitimate grounds for continued existence

Copula-less, Non-verbal Predication in Colloquial Singapore English and the General Anchoring Condition

Master'sMASTER OF ART

Conflits dans les campagnes

La notion de « rightful resistance» a parfois été employée afin d’expliquer l’actuel mouvement de résistance pour la protection des droits paysans. On évoquait alors le passage d’une simple résistance pour la protection d’intérêts à une résistance politique pour la protection de droits. Le présent article prouve encore une fois le bien-fondé de cette analyse. Il vise également à approfondir la réflexion et à montrer que la résistance des paysans chinois se caractérise aujourd’hui par ce que l’on pourrait appeler sa «nature légale »

The Two Stages of the Re-education Through Labour SystemFrom Tool of Political Struggle to Means of Social Governance

Through a retrospective summary of the history of the re-education through labour (RTL) system, the author concludes that the emergence and development of the RTL system can be divided into two stages: its use as a tool of political struggle, and its use as a means of social governance. Although the RTL system has undergone a number of reforms in the wake of social developments, leading to significant changes in its functions and targets, this can be considered adaptation to the varying social requirements of different time periods and changes to its specific tasking, while the intrinsic violation of individual rights by the authorities that underlies this system has never changed. For this reason, although the RTL system remains an effective anomaly, it has lost all legitimate grounds for continued existence

Conflicts in the countryside: the emerging awareness of the peasants

Based on field investigations conducted in Hengyang County (Hunan Province), this article explores the rights defence movement among Chinese peasants, focusing on the legality of the movemen

States and changes-of-state in the semantics of result roots

A major challenge for event structural theories that decompose verbs into event templates and roots relates to the syntactic distribution of roots and what types of event structures roots can be integrated into. ONTOLOGICAL APPROACHES propose roots fall into semantic classes, such as manner versus result, which determine root distribution (Rappaport Hovav and Levin 1998, 2010). FREE DISTRIBUTION APPROACHES, in contrast, hold that root distribution is not constrained by semantic content and roots are free to integrate into various types of event structures (Borer 2005; Acedo-Matellán and Mateu 2014). We focus on two different classes of verbs classified as result verbs in Rappaport Hovav and Levin’s (1998, 2010) sense and their ability to appear in resultative constructions. We build on Beavers and Koontz-Garboden’s (2012, 2020) proposal that the roots underlying these verbs fall into two classes: property concept roots, which denote relations between individuals and states, and change-of-state roots, which on our proposal, denote relations between individuals and events of change. We show that change-of-state roots, but not property concept roots, are able to appear in the modifier position of resultative constructions by providing naturally occurring examples of such resultatives. Combining the proposed lexical semantics of these two classes of roots with a reformulation of an ONTOLOGICAL APPROACH solely dependent on a root’s semantic type, we show that this analysis makes novel and accurate predictions about the possibility of the two classes of roots appearing in resultative constructions and the range of interpretations available when change-of-state roots are integrated into resultative event structure templates.This work received support from various sources: Yu was partially supported by the KU Leuven-funded C1-project Comparatives Under the Microscope (C14/20/041) awarded to Jeroen van Craenenbroeck, Guido Vanden Wyngaerd, and Dany Jaspers, Ausensi was supported by grant FFI2016-76045-P (AEI/MINEICO/FEDER, UE), an ICREA Academia awarded to Louise McNally, ROLLING 2017-SGR-165, Pla de Foment de la Recerca 2022PFR-URV-1, and the fellowship Juan de la Cierva-Formación FJC2021-046652-I (MCIN/AEI 10.13039/501100011033 and NextGenerationEU/PRTR), and Smith was partially supported by ERC-2017-COG769192 awarded to Andrew Koontz-Garboden

HIV and tuberculosis co-infection in East Asia and the Pacific from 1990 to 2017: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background: Periodic surveillance is crucial to provide information for resource allocation to control HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and their co-infection, especially in areas with high morbidity and mortality like East Asia and the Pacific. Therefore, we examined the morbidity and mortality of HIV/AIDS and TB co-infection in this region from 1990 to 2017. Methods: Utilizing the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2017, we obtained incidence, prevalence, and mortality numbers and rates of HIV/AIDS and TB co-infection, including HIV and drug-susceptible TB (DS-TB), multidrug-resistant TB without extensive drug resistance (MDR-TB without XDR), and extensive drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). The trends in incidence, prevalence, and mortality from 1990 to 2017 for each co-infection type were analyzed using join-point regression modelling. Results: In 2017, there were 238,372, 4,294, and 392 new cases of HIV-infected DS-TB, HIV-infected MDR-TB without XDR, and HIV-infected XDR-TB, respectively. The number of prevalent cases and deaths were 383,809 and 12,197 of HIV-infected DS-TB, 7,811 and 1,168 of HIV-infected MDR-TB without XDR, and 713 and 282 of HIV-infected XDR-TB. From 1990 to 2017, the age-standardized incidence rate and prevalence rate of HIV-infected DS-TB, and the prevalence rate of HIV-infected XDR-TB continuously increased; the incidence rate of HIV-infected XDR-TB increased from 1990 to 2005 before stabilizing. However, the incidence and prevalence rates of HIV-infected MDR-TB without XDR-as well as the mortality rates of all co-infection types-have decreased in the last 5 years. Conclusions: Even though the mortality rates of all HIV and TB co-infection types have decreased recently, the overall trends in both incidence and prevalence rates of HIV-infected DS-TB and XDR-TB have been increasing since 1990. Efforts to control co-infection across drug resistance types should be continued and further strengthened