32 research outputs found
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Molecular-excited-state calculations with the qubit-excitation-based adaptive variational quantum eigensolver protocol
Calculations of molecular spectral properties, like photodissociation rates and absorption bands, rely on knowledge of the excited state energies of the molecule of interest. Protocols based on the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) are promising candidates to calculate such energies on emerging noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers. The successful implementation of these protocols on NISQ computers, relies on ansÀtze that can accurately approximate the molecular states and that can be implemented by shallow quantum circuits. We introduce the excited qubit-excitation-based adaptive (e-QEB-ADAPT)-VQE protocol to calculate molecular-excited-state energies. The e-QEB-ADAPT-VQE constructs efficient problem-tailored ansÀtze by iteratively appending evolutions of qubit excitation operators. The e-QEB-ADAPT-VQE also improves on previous ADAPT-VQE protocol in that it is designed to be independent on the choice of initial reference state. We perform classical numerical simulations for LiH and BeH2 to benchmark the performance of the e-QEB-ADAPT-VQE. We demonstrate that the e-QEB-ADAPT-VQE can construct highly accurate ansÀtze that require at least an order of magnitude fewer cnot gates than standard fixed unitary coupled-cluster ansÀtze, such as the UCCSD and the GUCCSD. We also show that the e-QEB-ADAPT-VQE is more successful in constructing ansÀtze for excited molecular states than other ADAPT-VQE protocols
Gene dosage effects and signatures of purifying selection in lateral organ boundaries domain (LBD) genes LBD1 and LBD18
The epigenetic memory of temperature during embryogenesis modiïŹes the expression of bud burst-related genes in Norway spruce epitypes
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Transcriptional regulatory framework for vascular cambium development in Arabidopsis roots
Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain transcription factors direct callus formation in Arabidopsis regeneration
The remarkable regeneration capability of plant tissues or organs under culture conditions has underlain an extensive practice for decades. The initial step in plant in vitro regeneration often involves the induction of a pluripotent cell mass termed callus, which is driven by the phytohormone auxin and occurs via a root development pathway. However, the key molecules governing callus formation remain unknown. Here we demonstrate that Arabidopsis LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD)/ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2-LIKE (ASL) transcription factors are involved in the control of callus formation program. The four LBD genes downstream of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs (ARFs), LBD16, LBD17, LBD18 and LBD29, are rapidly and dramatically induced by callus-inducing medium (CIM) in multiple organs. Ectopic expression of each of the four LBD genes in Arabidopsis is sufficient to trigger spontaneous callus formation without exogenous phytohormones, whereas suppression of LBD function inhibits the callus formation induced by CIM. Moreover, the callus triggered by LBD resembles that induced by CIM by characteristics of ectopically activated root meristem genes and efficient regeneration capacity. These findings define LBD transcription factors as key regulators in the callus induction process, thereby establishing a molecular link between auxin signaling and the plant regeneration program