A Note on Clausal Comparatives in Japanese

Special Volume on the Occasion of the Retirement in 2020 of Professor Yukio Ob

Temporal and spatial differences of methane flux at arctic tundra in Alaska

High latitude ecosystems were thought to enhance CH_4 emission in relation to the current arctic warming. However, we have little information about this potential feedback mechanisms on climate change, thus, model parameterization is insufficient and the observational data are required. We observed CH_4 flux at several types of tundra in Alaska over the growing seasons since 1995. From these observed data, we examined current CH_4 emission and its controlling factors on Alaskan tundra. Then we discussed about spatial and temporal differences in CH_4 flux. Daily trend of half hourly CH_4 flux had little relation with soil temperature, but the seasonal trend of daily flux changed with soil or water temperature. Cumulative CH_4 fluxes during the growing seasons were 8.1gCH_4m^(-2) on wet sedge tundra at Happy Valley in 1995, 3.3gCH_4m^(-2) on non-acidic moist tundra in 1996, and 3.58-8.24gCH_4m^(-2) on wet sedge tundra at Barrow between 1999-2003. Non-acidic tundra had low CH_4 emission with low CO_2 accumulation. There was large spatial difference in CH_4 flux caused by tundra type, and the large temporal difference at the wet sedge tundra reflected yearly weather variability

Effect of drought stress on flowering characteristics in rice (Oryza sativa L.): A study using genotypes contrasting in drought tolerance and flower opening time

Rice is most susceptible to heat and drought stress at flowering stage, but flowering characteristics under drought stress are not well characterized. This study investigated flowering characteristics of rice genotypes contrasting in their flower opening time (FOT) and level of drought tolerance. Near-isogenic lines for the early-morning flowering trait (IR64+ qEMF3) and for drought tolerance (IR87707-445-B-B-B), and their recurrent parent cultivar (IR64) were used. IR64+ qEMF3 had stable earlier FOT than IR64 and IR87707-445-B-B-B under drought stress conditions. Drought stress occasionally affects FOT depending on genotype. The number of open spikelets was higher in IR87707-445-B-B-B than in IR64 and IR64+ qEMF3, and the difference among genotypes increased as the rice plants were subjected to more severe stress levels. Panicle temperature increased under drought stress conditions and was similar among genotypes when it was measured at the same time of day, demonstrating that earlier FOT in IR64+ qEMF3 must be beneficial to avoid heat stress at flowering under drought stress conditions. However, IR64+ qEMF3 did not exhibit drought avoidance, as evidenced by the root mass at depth. To assess the potential for the EMF trait to complement ongoing drought breeding efforts, heat tolerance among 13 advanced drought breeding lines and released cultivars was tested. Wide variation in heat tolerance at flowering was observed and, notably, none of the 13 lines possessed the EMF trait. This study therefore proposes that a breeding strategy that transfers the EMF trait into drought tolerant lines could enhance the resilience of rice spikelets to the combined stresses of heat and drought at flowering

Poster Session

International Symposium on Tumor Biology in Kanazawa & Symposium on Drug Discoverry in Academics 2014 [DATE]: January 23(Thu)-24(Fri),2014, [Place]:Kanazawa Excel Hotel Tpkyu, Kanazawa, Japan, [Organizers]:Kanazawa Association of Tumor Biologists / Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa Universit