20,831 research outputs found
Heterogeneous spin state in the field-induced phase of volborthite as seen via 51V nuclear magnetic resonance
We report results of 51V NMR in the field-induced phase of volborthite
Cu3V2O7(OH)dot2H2O, a spin-1/2 antiferromagnet on a distorted kagome lattice.
In magnetic fields above 4.5 T, two types of V sites with different spin-echo
decay rates are observed. The hyperfine field at the fast decaying sites has a
distribution, while it is more homogeneous at the slowly decaying sites. Our
results indicate a heterogeneous state consisting of two spatially alternating
Cu spin systems, one of which exhibits anomalous spin fluctuations contrasting
with the other showing a conventional static order.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Classical instability of Kerr-AdS black holes and the issue of final state
It is now established that small Kerr-Anti-de Sitter (Kerr-AdS) black holes
are unstable against scalar perturbations, via superradiant amplification
mechanism. We show that small Kerr-AdS black holes are also unstable against
gravitational perturbations and we compute the features of this instability. We
also describe with great detail the evolution of this instability. In
particular, we identify its endpoint state. It corresponds to a Kerr-AdS black
hole whose boundary is an Einstein universe rotating with the light velocity.
This black hole is expected to be slightly oblate and to co-exist in
equilibrium with a certain amount of outside radiation.Comment: 11 pages, RevTex4. v2: small typos corrected. Version to appear in
Phys. Rev.
Early X-ray/UV Line Signatures of GRB Progenitors and Hypernovae
We calculate the X-ray/UV spectral line signatures expected from the
interaction of a gamma-ray burst afterglow and a dense pre-burst environment
produced by the progenitor. We explore the conditions under which Fe line and
edge equivalent widths of 1 keV can arise, and discuss the possibility
of gaining information about possible progenitor scenarios using X-ray metal
line spectra in the first few days of a burst. A wind or supernova shell around
the burst produces an X-ray absorption line spectrum and later emission lines,
while a hypernova funnel model produces mainly emission lines. The Fe \ked can
in some cases be more prominent than the Fe \kal line. Under simple assumptions
for the input continuum luminosity, current reports of observed Fe line
luminosities are compatible with an Fe-enriched funnel model, while lower
values are expected in shell models.Comment: revisions to ApJ ms first submitted 8/21/99; uses a higher and
flatter input spectrum, with modified implications suggesting preference for
funnel model
High-field Phase Diagram and Spin Structure of Volborthite Cu3V2O7(OH)2/2H2O
We report results of 51V NMR experiments on a high-quality powder sample of
volborthite Cu3V2O7(OH)2/2H2O, a spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a
distorted kagome lattice. Following the previous experiments in magnetic fields
below 12 T, the NMR measurements have been extended to higher fields up to
31 T. In addition to the two already known ordered phases (phases I and II), we
found a new high-field phase (phase III) above 25 T, at which a second
magnetization step has been observed. The transition from the paramagnetic
phase to the antiferromagnetic phase III occurs at 26 K, which is much higher
than the transition temperatures from the paramagnetic to the lower field
phases I (B < 4.5 T) and II (4.5 < B < 25 T). At low temperatures, two types of
the V sites are observed with different relaxation rates and line shapes in
phase III as well as in phase II. Our results indicate that both phases II and
III exhibit a heterogeneous spin state consisting of two spatially alternating
Cu spin systems, one of which exhibits anomalous spin fluctuations contrasting
with the other showing a conventional static order. The magnetization of the
latter system exhibits a sudden increase upon entering into phase III,
resulting in the second magnetization step at 26 T.We discuss the possible spin
structure in phase III.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figure
Correlated Timing and Spectral Variations of the Soft X-ray Transient Aquila X-1: Evidence for an Atoll classification
Based on Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer data, we discuss the classification of
the soft X-ray transient Aquila X-1 in the Z/atoll scheme, and the relation of
its kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (kHz QPO) properties to the X-ray
colors. The color-color diagram shows one elongated ("banana") structure and
several "islands" of data points. The power spectra of the island are best
represented by a broken power-law, whereas those of the banana by a power-law
below ~ 1 Hz plus an exponentially cut-off component at intermediate
frequencies (30-60 Hz). The parameters of these two components change in
correlation with the position of the source in the color-color diagram. Based
on the pattern that the source shows in the color-color diagram and its
aperiodic variability we conclude that Aquila X-1 is an atoll source. We have
also investigated the possible correlation between the frequency of the kHz QPO
and the position of the source in the color-color diagram. The complexity seen
in the frequency versus count rate diagram is reduced to a single track when
the frequency is plotted against hard or soft color.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap
Gravitational radiation from collapsing magnetized dust
In this article we study the influence of magnetic fields on the axial
gravitational waves emitted during the collapse of a homogeneous dust sphere.
We found that while the energy emitted depends weakly on the initial matter
perturbations it has strong dependence on the strength and the distribution of
the magnetic field perturbations. The gravitational wave output of such a
collapse can be up to an order of magnitude larger or smaller calling for
detailed numerical 3D studies of collapsing magnetized configurations
Improvement of the retrieval algorithm for GOSAT SWIR XCO_2 and XCH_4 and their validation using TCCON data
The column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide and methane (XCO_2 and XCH_4) have been retrieved from Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) Short-Wavelength InfraRed (SWIR) observations and released as a SWIR L2 product from the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES). XCO_2 and XCH_4 retrieved using the version 01.xx retrieval algorithm showed large negative biases and standard deviations (−8.85 and 4.75 ppm for XCO_2 and −20.4 and 18.9 ppb for XCH_4, respectively) compared with data of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). Multiple reasons for these error characteristics (e.g., solar irradiance database, handling of aerosol scattering) are identified and corrected in a revised version of the retrieval algorithm (version 02.xx). The improved retrieval algorithm shows much smaller biases and standard deviations (−1.48 and 2.09 ppm for XCO_2 and −5.9 and 12.6 ppb for XCH_4, respectively) than the version 01.xx. Also, the number of post-screened measurements is increased, especially at northern mid- and high-latitudinal areas
Prospect for relic neutrino searches
Unlike the relic photons, relic neutrinos have not so far been observed. The
Cosmic Neutrino Background (CB) is the oldest relic from the Big Bang,
produced a few seconds after the Bang itself. Due to their impact in cosmology,
relic neutrinos may be revealed indireclty in the near future through
cosmological observations. In this talk we concentrate on other proposals, made
in the last 30 years, to try to detect the CB directly, either in
laboratory searches (through tiny accelerations they produce on macroscopic
targets) or through astrophysical observations (looking for absorption dips in
the flux of Ultra-High Energy neutrinos, due to the annihilation of these
neutrinos with relic neutrinos at the Z-resonance). We concentrate mainly on
the first of these two possibilities.Comment: Talk given at the Nobel Symposium on Neutrino Physics, Enkoping,
Sweden, Augus 19-24, 2004; 16 page
Magnetization Process of Kagome-Lattice Heisenberg Antiferromagnet
The magnetization process of the isotropic Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the
kagome lattice is studied. Data obtained from the numerical-diagonalization
method are reexamined from the viewpoint of the derivative of the magnetization
with respect to the magnetic field. We find that the behavior of the derivative
at approximately one-third of the height of the magnetization saturation is
markedly different from that for the cases of typical magnetization plateaux.
The magnetization process of the kagome-lattice antiferromagnet reveals a new
phenomenon, which we call the "magnetization ramp".Comment: 4 pages, 5figures, accepted in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
Vesignieite BaCu3V2O8(OH)2 as a Candidate Spin-1/2 Kagome Antiferromagnet
A polycrystalline sample of vesignieite BaCu3V2O8(OH)2 comprising a nearly
ideal kagome lattice composed of Cu2+ ions carrying spin 1/2 has been
synthesized and studied by magnetization and heat capacity measurements.
Magnetic susceptibility shows a neither long range order, a spin glass
transition nor a spin gap down to 2 K, in spite of a moderately strong
antiferromagnetic interaction of J/kB = 53 K between nearest-neighbor spins. A
broad peak observed at a temperature corresponding to 0.4J in intrinsic
magnetic susceptibility indicates a marked development of the short-range
order. The ground state of vesignieite is probably a gapless spin liquid or is
accompanied by a very small gap less than J/30.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
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