社会福祉実習の事例研究に関する関係3者の課題 : 実習指導職員・担当教員・実習学生の振り返りから

本論の目的は、社会福祉実習における事例研究の教育・学習上の課題を抽出し、関係3者の課題を論じることである。2006年度に実施した「社会福祉援助技術現場実習」(北海道医療大学)において事例研究を実施した2ヶ所の実習機関の実習指導職員、実習学生、担当教員が振り返りを行い、以下の課題が明らかになった。(1)基本的な法制度や知識の学習、(2)事例研究の組み立て、(3)コミュニケーションからはじめる利用者理解、(4)学生のスーパーバイジーカの向上、(5)関係3者の実効ある連携である。さらに、各課題を関係3者の立場のうち、どこが中心的な課題認識を必要とするかを論じた。本論では事例研究を実施した2ヶ所のみを考察対象としていることから結果の一般化には慎重でありたいが、事例研究の教育・学習課題が一定程度抽出できたものと考えられる

Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment of Sarcopenia in Liver Disease: A Review of Current Knowledge

Sarcopenia is characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength that occurs with aging or in association with various diseases. The condition is prevalent worldwide and occurs more frequently in patients with chronic diseases owing to the intrinsic relationship of muscles with glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism. Liver cirrhosis is characterized by the progression of necro-inflammatory liver diseases, which leads to fibrosis, portal hypertension, and a catabolic state, which causes loss of muscle tissue. Sarcopenia is of significant concern in the state of liver cirrhosis because sarcopenia has been associated with higher mortality, increased hospital admissions, worse post-liver transplant outcomes, decreased quality of life, and increased risk for other complications associated with cirrhosis. Therefore, sarcopenia is also an important feature of liver cirrhosis, representing a negative prognostic factor and influencing mortality. An increased understanding of sarcopenia could lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches that could help improve the cognitive impairment of cirrhotic patients; therefore, we present a review of the mechanisms and diagnosis of sarcopenia in liver disease and existing therapeutic approaches

Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment of Sarcopenia in Liver Disease: A Review of Current Knowledge

Sarcopenia is characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength that occurs with aging or in association with various diseases. The condition is prevalent worldwide and occurs more frequently in patients with chronic diseases owing to the intrinsic relationship of muscles with glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism. Liver cirrhosis is characterized by the progression of necro-inflammatory liver diseases, which leads to fibrosis, portal hypertension, and a catabolic state, which causes loss of muscle tissue. Sarcopenia is of significant concern in the state of liver cirrhosis because sarcopenia has been associated with higher mortality, increased hospital admissions, worse post-liver transplant outcomes, decreased quality of life, and increased risk for other complications associated with cirrhosis. Therefore, sarcopenia is also an important feature of liver cirrhosis, representing a negative prognostic factor and influencing mortality. An increased understanding of sarcopenia could lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches that could help improve the cognitive impairment of cirrhotic patients; therefore, we present a review of the mechanisms and diagnosis of sarcopenia in liver disease and existing therapeutic approaches

Efficacy and safety of pegfilgrastim biosimilar MD‐110 in patients with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy: Single‐arm phase III

Abstract Introduction Pegfilgrastim is indicated to decrease the incidence of chemotherapy‐induced febrile neutropenia. It is the first granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor approved for prophylactic use regardless of carcinoma type and is marketed in Japan as G‐LASTA (Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). MD‐110 is a biosimilar of pegfilgrastim. This phase III, multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm study investigated the efficacy and safety of MD‐110 in early‐stage breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant myelosuppressive chemotherapy. Methods A total of 101 patients received the study drug. Each patient received docetaxel 75 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 (TC) for four cycles on day 1 of each cycle. MD‐110 (3.6 mg) was administered subcutaneously on day 2 of each cycle. The primary efficacy endpoint was the duration of severe neutropenia during cycle 1 (days with absolute neutrophil count < 500/mm3). The safety endpoints were adverse events and the presence of antidrug antibodies. Results The mean (SD) duration of severe neutropenia for MD‐110 was 0.2 (0.4) days. The upper limit of the two‐sided 95% confidence interval for the mean duration of severe neutropenia was 0.2 days, below the predefined threshold of 3.0 days. The incidence of febrile neutropenia, the secondary efficacy endpoint, was 6.9% (7/101). Adverse events, occurring in more than 50% of patients, were alopecia, constipation, and malaise, which are common side effects of TC chemotherapy. Antidrug antibodies were negative in all patients. Conclusion MD‐110 was effective against chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia. No additional safety concern, compared with the originator, was observed in patients with breast cancer receiving TC chemotherapy.(JapicCTI‐205230)

NNJ MJ 2009

Background: Fluid control in patients on dialysis is an important predictor of outcome but is Goal To provide an overview of the importance of dialysis staff encouragement and fluid control adherence in patients on hemodialysis. Objectives 1. Describe the relationship between patients&apos; perceptions of dialysis staff encouragement and fluid control adherence as outlined in this study. 2. Discuss the components of the health belief model and fluid control adherence

2個の嚢状突出を認めた後円錐水晶体の1例

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