Reasons for the termination of the tender in Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law

Borçlunun borcunu vadesinde ödememesi üzerine, alacaklı borçlu aleyhine icra takibi başlatır ve mallarına haciz koyar. Alacaklı, alacağını bu malların açık artırma yoluyla satışından gelecek para ile tahsil eder. İhalenin kanuna ve ahlaka aykırı bir şekilde yapıldığını iddia eden ilgililer, İcra mahkemesinde ihalenin feshine karar verilmesini şikayet yoluyla talep edebilirler. İcra mahkemesi kanuna ve ahlaka aykırı olarak gerçekleştirilen ihalenin feshine karar verir. İcra ve İflas Kanunu'nun "Haciz Yolu İle Takip" başlıklı dördüncü babının "Paraya Çevirme" başlıklı üçüncü bölümü 106 ila 143. maddeleri arasında düzenlenmiştir. Paraya çevirme süreci kanunda adım adım anlatılmıştır. Ancak "İhalenin Neticesi ve Feshi" başlıklı 134. maddede, ihalenin feshi sebepleri sınırlandırılmamıştır. Esasen bu durum hakkaniyete uygun olmuştur. Çünkü her ihale sürecinin konusu, olayları ve niteliği fesih sebebi olarak farklılık gösterebilmektedir. İhalenin feshi sebepleri kanun, doktrin ve Yargıtay kararlarına göre; ihaleye hazırlık aşamasındaki hatalı işlemlerden kaynaklanan sebepler, ihalenin yapılması esnasındaki hatalı işlemlerden kaynaklanan sebepler, ihaleye fesat karıştırılmış olması, alıcının ihalesi yapılan malın önemli nitelikleri hakkında hataya düşürülmüş olmasıolarak sayılabilir. Bu sayılanlardan başka, ihaleye hazırlık aşamasından önce ortaya çıkan hatalı işlemlerden kaynaklanan sebepler de ihalenin feshi şikayetinin konusunu oluşturabilir.In case of the debtor's default for the payment of due debts, the creditor starts an execution proceeding and seize the assets of the debtor. The creditor collects its receivables via the sale of seized assets by tender. Related persons claiming the tender to have been contemplated in an unlawful and immoral manner, can demand the revocation of the tender by submitting a complaint to the Enforcement Court. The Enforcement Court shall decide the revocation of the action that has been contemplated in an unlawful and immoral manner. Articles 106-143 of the Code of Enforcement and Bankruptcy regulate the third chapter -titled "Encashment"- of the fourth Section "Enforcement by Seizure". The encashment procedure was explained step by step. However, article 234 titled as "the Conclusion and Revocation of the Tender" does not restrict the reasons for the revocation. In fact, this stipulation is in line with equity since each tender shall differ in subject, condition and revocation reasons. The reasons for the revocation of the tender are listed by the law, legal doctrine and Supreme Court as follows: faulty actions during the preparation for the tender, faulty actions during the tender, tender rigging, to mislead the buyer in the essential qualities of the asset subject to the tender. Other than the above-listed reasons, faulty actions arisen before the preparation of the tender can also be subject of a complaint for revocation

RSM METHOD AND OPTIMIZATION OF HARD COATED SOFT SUGAR PROCESS PARAMETERS

Nowadays, the textural characteristics of foods affect the consumers' enjoyment about them. Providing ideal textural properties, especially in multi stage food production processes, is a complex and sensitive work that must be carried out with high precision. Hard sugar coated chewy product, “Chewy Drage” is highly preferred by the confectionery consumers all over the world. In this work, the changes in the physical behaviors of “Chewy Drage” with the changes in textural and process parameters was studied. Each process parameter was separately optimized and the relationship between those physical properties was elaborated

Volume Status, Echocardiographic Findings, and Endothelial Functions in Primary Hypertension Patients Who Do Not Have Kidney Failure

Objective: Due to hypertension, the organs may get damaged over time, and with the damage of end-organ, the prognosis of the disease may get negatively affected. The intent of this study is to identify the contribution of hypervolemia to uncontrolled hypertension and how it affects endothelial function and echocardiographic findings in patients who have primary hypertension and who are not suffering from kidney failure

Maintenance of negative fluid balance can improve endothelial and cardiac functions in primary hypertensive patients

Purpose: The issue of unidentified volume expansion is well recognized as a cause for resistance to antihypertensive therapy. The aim of study is to identify contribution of negative fluid balance to hypertension control and impact on endothelial and cardiac functions among primary hypertensive patients who do not have kidney failure. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective interventional study with one-year follow-up. Preceded by volume status measurements were performed by a body composition monitor (BCM), the patients were put on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for 24 hours. Then, echocardiographic assessments and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measurements were completed. Patients in one of the two groups were kept negative hydrated during trial with diuretic treatment. Results: At the end of one-year follow-up, patients in negative hydrated group were found to have significantly lower CIMT, left ventricle mass index, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, mean systolic and diastolic BP, non-dipper patient ratio, and higher FMD. In negatively hydrated group, target organ damage significantly reduced during trial. Conclusions: The significance of negative hydration status with respect to blood pressure control, endothelial and cardiac functions within primary hypertensive patients who do not suffer from kidney failure has been demonstrated

Anticholinergic Syndrome Due to the Use of Datura Stramonium Seeds for Constipation: A Story of Prolonged ICU Stay

Datura stramonium is grown widely in some regions of Turkey. Datura stramonium seed is used in the treatment of various diseases such as constipation and acne and causes anticholinergic toxicity when taken in overdose. In the literature, patients presenting with mild symptoms are the majority, and intensive care follow-up is often not required for these patients. In this case report, we present a 50-year-old male patient who received around 200 Datura stramonium seeds for the treatment of chronic constipation. When the patient admitted to the emergency department, he was unconscious, and his pupils were dilated. The patient who had severe vomiting and contractions was intubated. With the diagnosis of anticholinergic syndrome, physostigmine 0.5 mg (one dose) and 1 mg (two times) were administered to the patient with central nervous system findings. The patient who developed sepsis due to aspiration pneumonia during the follow-up stayed in the intensive care unit for 40 days with the support of mechanical ventilator for 37 days. The patient was discharged after 26 days of treatment in the physical therapy service Accidental ingestion of Datura stramonium seed used for herbal therapy in high doses may cause life-threatening consequences due to its anticholinergic effects or complications related to these effects

Characteristics and outcomes of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to intensive care units: Erciyes University covid-19 center experience

Objective: This study aims to investigate the characteristics and outcomes of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU)

Cytokine Levels and Severity of Illness Scoring Systems to Predict Mortality in COVID-19 Infection

Various scoring systems and cytokines have been cited as predicting disease severity in COVID-19 infection. This study analyzed the link between mortality rate, levels of cytokines, and scoring systems such as the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and Charlson Comorbidity Index in patients infected with COVID-19. Adult patients infected with COVID-19 were followed up in the intensive care unit (ICU) and analyzed prospectively. We measured serum cytokine levels (Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and High mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1)) and recorded GCS, APACHE II, SOFA, and Charlson comorbidity index scores on admission to the ICU. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was performed to predict mortality from IL-1β, IL-6 IL-10, IL-8, TNF-α, and HMGB-1 values. Study participants were grouped as follows: Group A, survivors, and Group B, deceased, during the 28-day follow-up. The mean age was 65.69 (±13.56) in Group A (n = 36) and 70.85 (±10.06) in Group B (n = 27). The female/male ratio was 23/40. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), comorbid illnesses, GCS, APACHE II, SOFA, and Charlson scores, duration of hospitalization or ICU admission, therapeutic choices, and lymphocyte, PMNL, NLR, platelet, D-dimer, fibrinogen, GGT, CRP, procalcitonin, and lactate levels were similar between the groups. The frequency of acute kidney injury (AKI) was higher in Group B (p = 0.005). Serum IL-10, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, HMGB-1, ferritin, and LDH values were higher, and PaO2/FiO2 was lower in Group B than in Group A. ROC analysis showed that there was an association between serum IL-1β (>1015.7), serum IL-6 (>116.7), serum IL-8 (>258.4), serum IL-10 (>247.5), serum TNF-α (>280.7), and serum HMGB-1 (>23.5) and mortality. AKI gave rise to a greater risk of mortality (odds ratio: 7.081, p = 0.014). Mortality was associated with serum IL-10, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and HMGB-1 but not with GCS, APACHE II, SOFA, or Charlson comorbidity index scores. AKI increased the risk of mortality by seven times. Our findings suggest that cytokine levels (serum IL-10, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and HMGB-1) were predictors of mortality in COVID-19 infection. In addition, our results might give an opinion about the course of COVID-19 infection

Cytokine Levels and Severity of Illness Scoring Systems to Predict Mortality in COVID-19 Infection

Various scoring systems and cytokines have been cited as predicting disease severity in COVID-19 infection. This study analyzed the link between mortality rate, levels of cytokines, and scoring systems such as the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and Charlson Comorbidity Index in patients infected with COVID-19. Adult patients infected with COVID-19 were followed up in the intensive care unit (ICU) and analyzed prospectively. We measured serum cytokine levels (Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and High mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1)) and recorded GCS, APACHE II, SOFA, and Charlson comorbidity index scores on admission to the ICU. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was performed to predict mortality from IL-1β, IL-6 IL-10, IL-8, TNF-α, and HMGB-1 values. Study participants were grouped as follows: Group A, survivors, and Group B, deceased, during the 28-day follow-up. The mean age was 65.69 (±13.56) in Group A (n = 36) and 70.85 (±10.06) in Group B (n = 27). The female/male ratio was 23/40. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), comorbid illnesses, GCS, APACHE II, SOFA, and Charlson scores, duration of hospitalization or ICU admission, therapeutic choices, and lymphocyte, PMNL, NLR, platelet, D-dimer, fibrinogen, GGT, CRP, procalcitonin, and lactate levels were similar between the groups. The frequency of acute kidney injury (AKI) was higher in Group B (p = 0.005). Serum IL-10, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, HMGB-1, ferritin, and LDH values were higher, and PaO2/FiO2 was lower in Group B than in Group A. ROC analysis showed that there was an association between serum IL-1β (>1015.7), serum IL-6 (>116.7), serum IL-8 (>258.4), serum IL-10 (>247.5), serum TNF-α (>280.7), and serum HMGB-1 (>23.5) and mortality. AKI gave rise to a greater risk of mortality (odds ratio: 7.081, p = 0.014). Mortality was associated with serum IL-10, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and HMGB-1 but not with GCS, APACHE II, SOFA, or Charlson comorbidity index scores. AKI increased the risk of mortality by seven times. Our findings suggest that cytokine levels (serum IL-10, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and HMGB-1) were predictors of mortality in COVID-19 infection. In addition, our results might give an opinion about the course of COVID-19 infection