SİSMİK DETAYLARI YETERSİZ BETONARME ÇERÇEVELERİN TERSİNİR-TEKRARLANIR YATAY YÜK ETKİSİNDEKİ DAVRANIŞININ DENEYSEL VE TEORİK OLARAK İNCELENMESİ

As it is known that, at 1. and 2. degree seismic zones, earthquake risk level is almost high and these regions cover ½ of Turkey’s area. In this study, to represent of buildings in these regions, 1/3 scaled 2 story 2 bay reinforced concrete frame under magnitude of approximately cc fA10.0 axial load was tested under reversed-cyclic lateral load. The response envelope curves and lateral load bearing capacities which were obtained from tests and SAP2000 programme, were compared.Ülkemiz topraklarının alan olarak yarıya yakınını kaplayan ve ülke nüfusunun yaklaşık 2/3’ünün bulunduğu 1. ve 2. derece deprem bölgeleri olarak adlandırılan alanlarda deprem riskinin yüksek olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bu bölgelerde bulunan yetersiz sismik detaylara sahip binaları temsil etmek üzere 2 katlı ve 2 açıklıklı 1/3 ölçekli, kolonları yaklaşık cc fA10.0 büyüklüğünde eksenel yüklü bir adet betonarme çerçeve, depremi benzeştiren tersinir-tekrarlanır yatay yük etkisi altında denemiş, elde edilen dayanım zarfı grafikleri ve yatay yük taşıma kapasiteleri, SAP2000 programından bulunan dayanım zarfı grafiği ve yatay yük taşıma kapasitesiyle karşılaştırılmıştır

Trigonelline's effect on BCL-2 protein expression level in THP-1 cells

Objective: Trigonelline (TRG), is one of the main constituents of coffee and is an alkaloid derivative of vitamin B6 in plants. TRG has been reported to have antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant activities. At the same time studies of TRG on cancer and the effect on diabetes have been done. However, there is no study of the effect of TRG on apoptosis in monocytes. In this study, the possible effects of trigonelline on apoptosis on human monocytes were examined. Seven experimental groups were evaluated: (1) the control group treated with the medium (RPMI-1640), (2) the cell group treated with 200 μM H2O2 for 1 hour, (3/4/5/6/7) The cell group treated with 10−5/5 × 10−5/10−4/2,5 × 10−4/5 × 10−4 M TRG for 24 hours and then treated with 200 μM H2O2 for 1 hour (anti- Apoptotic effects). Bcl-2 protein expression levels were measured by western blot. It was observed that TRG significantly reduced Bcl-2 protein expression levels increased by H2O2 (P < 0.005) at all doses given. The results of preliminary experiments reveal the effects of trigonelline, which is involved in autophagic and apoptotic processes. It has been indicated that trigonelline may have a potential role in the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress in monocytes

Analysis of activation-induced cytidine deaminase mRNA levels in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia with different cytogenetic status

Activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID) enzyme, which converts cytosine into uracil and is expressed only by activated B lymphocytes, plays a role in B cells in both the mechanisms of somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR). There are studies showing that AID can cause numerous translocations in different lymphoproliferative diseases. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the accumulation of monoclonal B cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood. The predictability and clinical status of B-CLL are difficult to determine. About 30-50% of patients have chromosomal abnormalities. AID, which is thought to create fraction segments for translocations, might also cause deletions in DNA regions of 17p13, 11q22.3, 13q14 and 13q34 that are associated with prognostic implications in patients with CLL. In this study, the AID gene expression in patients with CLL with and without deletions was investigated. When compared to healthy subjects and patients without deletions, increased levels of AID expression in patients with deletions of 17p13, 11q22.3 or 13q14 were found, but not for the 13q34 region. Our results show that AID expression may be associated with deletions in patients with CLL

Chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression in breast cancer as a potential predictive marker of isolated tumor cells in bone marrow

Interactions between the CXCR4 chemokine receptor in breast cancer cells and the ligand CXCL12/SDF-1 alpha are thought to play an important role in breast cancer metastases. In this pilot study, CXCR4 expression along with other biomarkers including HER2-neu and EGFR, were measured in primary tumor samples of patients with operable breast cancer to test whether any of these biomarkers alone and in combination could indicate breast cancer with high likelihood of metastasizing to bone marrow. Cytokeratin (CK) positive cells in bone marrow were identified by flow-cytometry following enrichment with CK 7/8 antibody-coupled magnetic beads. Primary tumors (n = 18) were stained with specific antibodies for CXCR4, HER2-neu, EGFR, and PCNA using an indirect avidin-biotin horseradish peroxidase method. The majority of the patients had T2/T3 tumors (72%), or lymph node involvement (67%) as pathologic characteristics that were more indicative of high-risk breast cancer. High CXCR4 cytoplasmic expression was found in 7 of 18 patients (39%), whereas 6 of 18 patients (33%) were found to have CK positivity in bone marrow. The median number of CK+ cells was 236 (range, 20-847) per 5 x 10(4) enriched BM cells. The presence of CK+ cells in bone marrow was found to be associated with increased expression of CXCR4 alone or in addition to EGFR and/or HER2-neu expression (P = 0.013, P = 0.005, and P = 0.025, respectively) in primary tumors. Furthermore, three patients with high CK positivity (> 236 CK+ per 5 x 10(4) enriched bone marrow cells) in bone marrow exclusively expressed high levels of CXCR4 with EGFR/HER2-neu (P = 0.001). Our data suggest that high CXCR4 expression in breast cancer may be a potential marker in predicting isolated tumor cells in bone marrow. CXCR4 coexpression with EGFR/HER2-neu might further predict a particular subset of patients with high CK positivity in bone marrow