Transition of Orbital Electrons by Electromagnetic Waves

An electromagnetic (EM) wave is a form of continuous energy, of which both the frequency and the amplitude are parts, as shown in a recent report. All the facts relating to the photoelectric effect are explained by the new modified EM wave concept. Since the photon concept is not able to explain the intensity effect and the ejection direction clearly, it cannot be used to explain nonlinear optical phenomena clearly. The current understanding of the interaction process between orbital electrons and light may not be realistic. In this work, the electron transition process is explained with the new modified EM wave concept. The orbital electrons of a material rotate circularly by the sinusoidal fields of the EM waves. In this way, the electrons absorb light energy as rotational kinetic energy. During the first rotational cycle, the electrons with large enough radii face different potential barriers in neighboring orbits. Consequently, the electrons’ speed is obstructed, and the electrons move behind their natural places (phase); in other words, the electrons cannot follow the required phase of EM waves. Thus, sufficient energetic electrons are scattered from their orbit. The high-intensity EM waves reach the inner orbits of the targeted atom and transit electrons from different orbits. The light can regenerate through processes with different frequencies. The frequency of the regenerated light can be higher than that of primary light, depending on the energy (frequency and amplitude) of the primary light. The results of previous reports match the prediction of the new concept of EM waves. The new wave concept may be able to explain all photonic behaviors of light clearly

Frequency dependent power and energy flux density equations of the electromagnetic wave

The calculation of the power and energy of the electromagnetic wave is important for numerous applications. There are some equations to compute the power and energy density of the electromagnetic wave radiation. For instance, the Poynting vector is frequently used to calculate the power density. However those including the Poynting vector are not perfect to represent the actual values because the equations are frequency independent. In the present study we have derived the frequency-dependent equations to calculate the power and energy flux density of the electromagnetic wave by help of the classical electromagnetic theories. It is seems that the Poynting vector with a certain electric and magnetic fields is correct only for a specific frequency. However our equations are perfect to calculate the values of the power and energy flux density for all frequencies of the electromagnetic radiation. The equations may help to develop the applications of the electromagnetic wave radiation. Keywords: EM wave, EM power density with frequency, EM energy density with frequenc