Sistem Informasi Kearsipan Tata Kelola Surat pada Kantor Inspeksi BRI Kota Padang

A letter is a means to submit a statement or information in writing from one party to another. The information may be a notice, statement, request, report, thought, rebuttal and so on. The management of letters within an institution is categorized into two, namely incoming and outgoing mail. An incoming letter is a letter received by an organization / institution made by another official organization / institution and an outgoing letter is a letter sent by an organization / institution made by another official organization / institution. BRI Inspection Office is representative of BRI directors in regions that perform supervisory function of operational working units in the region, or it can be said is the eyes and ears of directors in the region. Including the Inspection Office of BRI Padang City, which oversees the operational work units located in the Padang City area and conducts audits with the aim of ensuring that internal controls in the operational work units in their working areas are effective especially in Padang City. In the mail archiving system, there are many piles of unorganized letters so that when supervisors want to check incoming mail or outgoing mails they will not be properly managed. This new letter governance information system is expected to make it easier for the BRI Inspection Office to manage the archiving of incoming and outgoing mail

Determinasi Arsen (AS) dan Merkuri (Hg) dalam Air dan Sedimen di Kolam Bekas Tambang Timah (Air Kolong) di Propinsi Bangka-belitung, Indonesia

Indonesia dikenal sebagai produsen timah terbesar kedua di dunia, di mana produksi timah sebagian besar berlokasi di Propinsi Bangka Belitung (Babel), yang termasuk dalam Sabuk Timah Asia Tenggara. Penambangan timah diperkirakan telah berdampak negatif pada lima belas sungai di Babel, sepuluh di antaranya berada di Pulau Bangka. Sebagian besar penduduk di Babel mengandalkan ketersediaan air bersih dari air sungai atau air kolong. Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) menggunakan beberapa kolam bekas penambangan (kolong) sebagai sumber air bakunya untuk diolah dan didistribusikan untuk kepentingan penduduk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan konsentrasi logam berat arsen (As) dan merkuri (Hg) di dalam air dan sedimen dari beberapa kolong yang digunakan sebagai air baku PDAM. Pengambilan contoh uji dilakukan pada bulan kering dan bulan basah di 5(lima) lokasi dengan 15 titik sampling. Analisis meliputi parameter lapangan dan laboratorium, pengukuran logam Hg menggunakan cold vapor fumeless AAS Varian Spectro, AA 20plusVGA,1996; sedangkan logam As menggunakan AAS-VarianSpectro, AA-20 plus hydride, 1996 (SM 21st.,2005,APHA-AWWA-WEF, Part.No.3114). Hasil penentuan logam berat As dalam sedimen menunjukkan nilai konsentrasi di atas baku mutu sedimen WAC 173-204-320, terutama di Site I, yaitu di musim penghujan pada PDAM Pemali sebesar 84,84 +0,36 mg/L serta di musim kemarau pada air baku PLN Merawang sebesar 99,686+0,084 mg/L dan air baku PDAM Merawang sebesar 76,797+3,685 mg/L. Hasil penentuan logam berat Hg dalam sedimen menunjukkan nilai konsentrasi di atas baku mutu sedimen WAC 173-204-320, di Site I, yaitu di musim kemarau pada air baku PLN Merawang sebesar 0,679+0,001 mg/L, air baku PDAM Pemali sebesar 0,513+0,153 mg/L, Open Pit Pemali TB Timah 0,431+0,160 mg/L, Kolong Kenanga 0,658+0,070 mg/L, Site III Kolong Bikang 0,611+0,031 mg/L, Kolong Acam Rindik 0,444+0,077mg/L. Konsentrasi As dalam air memenuhi baku mutu air baku air minum Peraturan Pemerintah no.82 tahun 2001, sedangkan Hg melebihi bakumut

Optimization of Naoh Alkali Pretreatment of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for Bioethanol

Bioethanol from lignocellulosic waste as an alternative energy began to be developed. Pretreatment is an early stage of the process of lignocellulose conversion into bioethanol. Chemical pretreatment using NaOH was done by inserting 3 mm EFB and 10 % NaOH solution at the reactor in moderate temperature and 4 bars pressure. The effect of temperature and time on the pretreatment process was investigated. The variation of temperature process starts from 140, 150 and 160°C, during the time variation of the process starting from 20, 30 and 40 minutes. The highest of biomass recovery was obtained in the pretreatment process with temperature 140 oC, 20 minutes at 42.83 % (dba). The highest delignification at 160 oC temperature, 40 minutes was equal to 86.92 %. However, the optimal pretreatment conditions to produce the highest bioethanol from EFB obtained at 150 oC, 30 minutes were the biomass recovery reached 35.97 %, delignification reached 76.74 %, and ethanol yield from initial EFB reached 15,17 % (w/w)

Hubungan Dukungan Orang Tua Dengankecemasan Pada Anak Usia Sekolah Pada Saat Akan Dilakukan Pemasangan Infus Di Rsup Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

:Psychological support of parents potentially affect the health status of the child as if the child support system is less then the child will be prone to anxiety. Objective: Unknown Parents support relationship with anxiety in children of school age at the time will be the installation of a drip. Methods: observational analytic method, do is cross sectional approach. Population is the research object or object under study. The number of children treated in the Emergency Room of the Child in September 2016 was 151 children. The sample is part of a whole object under study and are considered representative of the entire population. So the sample: in this study is 45 parents and children who are being treated at Children's Emergency Room. Results Based on the results using a statistical test Chi-Square, the value p value = 0,010. The p-value is less than the value α (α = 0.05) Conclusion : that there is a relationship between anxiety support parents with school-age children. Suggestions : As an input for parents in order to increase support for children during infusion is done so that children can be more at ease when performed invasive procedures

Effect of Combining Electron Beam Irradiation and Alkaline Pretreatments of OPEFB for Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation of Ethanol

The effect of pretreatment process from the combination of electron beam irradiation and alkaline to Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) was studied. The combination of pretreatment method was considered as an alternative way to increase glucose yield. In this study, OPEFB was pretreated using Electron Beam Irradiation (EBI) at 100 kGy and 300 kGy and followed by chemical pretreatment. In chemical pretreatment, irradiated OPEFB was reacted with sodium hydroxide 6% and 10% in stirred vessel at 4 bars and 150 oC for 30 min. The effectiveness of pretreatment was evaluated by calculating the composition of chemical component using National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Method. The samples which were hydrolyzed using enzymes with the addition of 30 FPU of Cellic®CTec2 per gram of pretreated biomass resulted high glucose in the amount of 9.86%. The fermentation process using Saccharomyces cereviceae obtained the highest ethanol concentration for 5.36% at 72h. The combination of the two pretreatment methods gave an effect on the weight loss, chemical composition, structure, and enzymatic hydrolysis produc

Alkaline Pretreatment of Sweet Sorghum Bagasse for Bioethanol Production

Lignocellulosic material, which consist mainly of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin, are among the most promising renewable feedstocks for the production of energy and chemicals. The bagasse residue of sweet sorghum can be utilized as raw material for alternative energy such as bioethanol. Bioethanol production consists of pretreatment, saccharification, fermentation and purification process. The pretreatment process was of great importance to ethanol yield. In the present study, alkaline pretreatment was conducted using a steam explosion reactor at 1300C with concentrations of NaOH 6, and 10% (kg/L) for 10, and 30 min. For ethanol production separated hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process were conducted with 30 FPU of Ctec2 and Htec2 enzyme and yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results showed that maximum cellulose conversion to total glucose plus xylose were showed greatest with NaOH 10% for 30 min. The highest yield of ethanol is 96.26% and high concentration of ethanol 66.88 g/L were obtained at SSF condition during 48 h process. Using SSF process could increase yields and concentration of ethanol with less energy process. Article History: Received January 16th 2016; Received in revised form May 25th 2016; Accepted June 28th 2016; Available online How to Cite This Article: Sudiyani, Y., Triwahyuni, E., Muryanto, Burhani, D., Waluyo, J. Sulaswaty, A. and Abimanyu, H. (2016) Alkaline Pretreatment of Sweet Sorghum Bagasse for Bioethanol Production. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(2), 113-118. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.2.113-11

Biological Pretreatment of Oil Palm Frond Fiber Using White-Rot Fungi for Enzymatic Saccharification

Oil palm frond is one type of lignocellulosic biomass abundantly and daily available in Indonesia. It contains cellulose which can be converted to glucose, and further processed to produce different kinds of value –added products. The aim of this research is to study the effects of biological pretreatment of oil palm frond (OPF) fiber using Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes versicolor on the enzymatic saccharification of the biomass. The OPF fiber (40-60 mesh sizes) was inoculated with cultures of the two fungi and incubated at 27 °C for 4 weeks. The samples were taken after 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks of incubation. Chemical components of the biomass after pretreatment were analyzed. The saccharification of the pretreated samples using cellulase and β-glucosidase was performed in a water bath shaker at 50 °C for 48 hours. The concentration of reducing sugar increased with increasing of incubation time, either in those pretreated with culture of P. chrysosporium or with T. versicolor. Pretreatment of OPF fiber using single culture of T. versicolor for 4 weeks gave the highest reducing sugar yield (12.61% of dry biomass)