Optimally Conclusive Discrimination of Non-orthogonal Entangled States Locally

We consider one copy of a quantum system prepared with equal prior probability in one of two non-orthogonal entangled states of multipartite distributed among separated parties. We demonstrate that these two states can be optimally distinguished in the sense of conclusive discrimination by local operations and classical communications(LOCC) alone. And this proves strictly the conjecture that Virmani et.al. [8] confirmed numerically and analytically. Generally, the optimal protocol requires local POVM operations which are explicitly constructed. The result manifests that the distinguishable information is obtained only and completely at the last operation and all prior ones give no information about that state.Comment: 4 pages, no figure, revtex. few typos correcte

Local transformation of mixed states of two qubits to Bell diagonal states

The optimal entanglement manipulation for a single copy of mixed states of two qubits is to transform it to a Bell diagonal state. In this paper we derive an explicit form of the local operation that can realize such a transformation. The result obtained is universal for arbitrary entangled two-qubit states and it discloses that the corresponding local filter is not unique for density matrices with rank $n=2$ and can be exclusively determined for that with $n=3$ and 4. As illustrations, a four-parameters family of mixed states are explored, the local filter as well as the transformation probability are given explicitly, which verify the validity of the general result.Comment: 5 pages, to be published in Phys. Rev.

Optimal Teleportation Based on Bell Measurement

We study optimal teleportation based on the Bell measurements. An explicit expression for the quantum channel associated with the optimal teleportation with an arbitrary mixed state resource is presented. The optimal transmission fidelity of the corresponding quantum channel is calculated and shown to be related to the fully entangled fraction of the quantum resource, rather than the singlet fraction as in the standard teleportation protocol.Comment: 7 pages, latex, no figure

Mixture of multiple copies of maximally entangled states is quasi-pure

Employing the general BXOR operation and local state discrimination, the mixed state of the form \rho^{(k)}_{d}=\frac{1}{d^{2}}\sum_{m,n=0}^{d-1}(|\phi_{mn}><\phi_{mn}|)^{\otim es k} is proved to be quasi-pure, where $\{|\phi_{mn}>\}$ is the canonical set of mutually orthogonal maximally entangled states in $d\times d$. Therefore irreversibility does not occur in the process of distillation for this family of states. Also, the distillable entanglement is calculated explicitly.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure. The paper is subtantially revised and the general proof is give

The distillable entanglement of multiple copies of Bell states

It is impossible to discriminate four Bell states through local operations and classical communication (LOCC), if only one copy is provided. To complete this task, two copies will suffice and be necessary. When $n$ copies are provided, we show that the distillable entanglement is exactly $n-2$.Comment: An argument in the original paper is replaced by a procedure of strict proo

Optimal Conclusive Discrimination of Two Non-orthogonal Pure Product Multipartite States Locally

We consider one copy of a quantum system prepared in one of two non-orthogonal pure product states of multipartite distributed among separated parties. We show that there exist protocols which obtain optimal probability in the sense of conclusive discrimination by means of local operations and classical communications(LOCC) as good as by global operations. Also, we show a protocol which minimezes the average number of local operations. Our result implies that two product pure multipartite states might not have the non-local property though more than two can have.Comment: revtex, 3 pages, no figur

Wisdom, cultural synergy, and social change: A Taiwanese perspective

This study examined the relationships among wisdom, cultural synergy (i.e., incorporating lessons learned from different cultures), and social change by re-analyzing 220 “wisdom incidents” (i.e., real-life displays of wisdom) collected from 1997 to 2003 from 66 Taiwanese adults nominated as wise individuals (Yang, 2008a). We addressed these questions empirically with a mixed-methods approach: (a) “What are the features of cultural synergy involved in the Taiwanese wisdom nominees’ narratives about their displays of wisdom?”; and (b) “How are real-life displays of wisdom related to cultural synergy and social change?” Wisdom is defined as a real-life process that entails three components: (a) cognitive integration—an individual incorporates separate or conflicting ideas to form an integrated idea; (b) embodying actions—the individual acts to implement the unified idea; and (c) positive effects for oneself and others—the individual\u27s actions generate positive effects for the self and others. The 220 wisdom incidents were re-analyzed qualitatively by young Taiwanese for themes related to cultural synergy and lessons learned from culture; the incidents were re-evaluated quantitatively by young Taiwanese for indications of wisdom, cultural synergy, and social change. A model proposing relationships among wisdom, cultural synergy, and social change was then evaluated using path analysis. Results, which may be generalized to young Taiwanese, show that displays of wisdom had (a) a direct relationship with cultural synergy and social change; and (b) an indirect relationship with social change through cultural synergy. Findings suggest that what the Taiwanese wisdom nominees learned from both their own culture and other cultures is significantly related to cultural synergy which, in turn, is significantly related to promoting social change

Darboux Transformations for a Lax Integrable System in 2n2n-Dimensions

A $2n$-dimensional Lax integrable system is proposed by a set of specific spectral problems. It contains Takasaki equations, the self-dual Yang-Mills equations and its integrable hierarchy as examples. An explicit formulation of Darboux transformations is established for this Lax integrable system. The Vandermonde and generalized Cauchy determinant formulas lead to a description for deriving explicit solutions and thus some rational and analytic solutions are obtained.Comment: Latex, 14 pages, to be published in Lett. Math. Phy

Role of CD8+ cells in the progression of murine adriamycin nephropathy

Role of CD8+ cells in the progression of murine adriamycin nephropathy.BackgroundMany studies have shown that interstitial inflammation in human and experimental renal disease is characterized by T-cell infiltration, but published data on the involvement of inflammatory cell subsets in progressive tubulointerstitial lesions are often conflicting. A previous study suggested a role for cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the damaging effect of CD4+ T-cell depletion in murine adriamycin (ADR) nephropathy, a model of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and tubulointerstitial inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CD8+ cells in this model.MethodsMale BALB/c mice were treated with five intraperitoneal injections of anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody (mAb), beginning from five days after ADR treatment, when overt proteinuria was established. Seven mice in each of groups A (ADR + mAb), B (ADR only), and C (saline treated, age matched) were sacrificed at week 6. Changes in renal function and histopathological features were assessed. Tubulointerstitial inflammation and glomerular inflammation were examined immunohistochemically.ResultsmAb treatment reduced CD8+ cell levels to <2% of normal in spleen. Proteinuria in group A was no different from that in group B at week 6, but was markedly higher than in group C. Creatinine clearance was significantly ameliorated by anti-CD8 treatment (71.8 ± 4.9 μL/min vs. 29.2 ± 2.8 in group B and 81.9 ± 3.7 in group C). Morphometric analysis showed less FSGS in group A compared with group B (6.5 ± 1.9 vs. 13.0 ± 2.8, P < 0.001), as well as less tubular atrophy (indicated by increased ratio of tubule cell height to tubular diameter, 0.25 ± 0.24 in group A vs. 0.04 ± 0.02 in group B, P < 0.05). CD8 depletion also reduced interstitial expansion (6.3 ± 2.2% vs. 16.4 ± 3.1 in group B, P < 0.001) and fibrosis (P < 0.01). Macrophage infiltration in tubulointerstitium was less in group A than in group B (P = 0.052). The number of interstitial CD4+ cells appeared to increase after anti-CD8 treatment, but was not statistically different between groups A and B.ConclusionAnti-CD8 treatment protects against renal functional and structural injury in this murine model of chronic proteinuric renal disease